ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2016
PGSE, OGSE, and sensitivity to axon diameter in diffusion MRI: Insight from a simulation study.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physics-Assisted Deep Learning Denoising for Stabilized IMPULSED dMRI Microenvironment Parameter Fitting.ArXiv · 2026Article
- Time-dependent Diffusion MRI-based Microstructural Mapping Value for Predicting Meningioma Grade, Subtype, and Proliferative Activity.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2026Article
- Axon Diameter Mapping in the Living Human Brain with Ultra-High-Gradient Diffusion MRI at 500 mT/m Gradient Strength.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Ultra-high gradient connectomics and microstructure MRI scanner for imaging of human brain circuits across scales.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Engineering clinical translation of OGSE diffusion MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Review
- Quantitative Analysis With Time-Dependent Diffusion MRI for Assessing WHO/ISUP Tumor Grade in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Korean journal of radiology · 2025Article
- Investigating microstructural changes between in vivo and perfused ex vivo marmoset brains using oscillating gradient and b-tensor encoded diffusion MRI at 9.4 T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing tumor microstructure with time-dependent diffusion imaging: Considerations and feasibility on clinical MRI and MRI-Linac.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Interplay between MRI-based axon diameter and myelination estimates in macaque and human brain.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- MRI-scale histology validates spatial sensitivity of in-vivo MRI-based axon radius estimation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Feasibility of brain intra-axonal microstructure imaging with ultrahigh B-encoding using MAGNUS ultra-high-performance gradients.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Non-parametric prediction of brain MRI microstructure using transfer learning.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Restricted diffusion characteristics in oscillating gradient spin echo with mesoscopic phantom.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Single-subject electroencephalography measurement of interhemispheric transfer time for the in-vivo estimation of axonal morphology.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Novel insights into axon diameter and myelin content in late childhood and adolescence.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Temporal Diffusion Ratio (TDR) for imaging restricted diffusion: Optimisation and pre-clinical demonstration.NeuroImage · 2023Article
- Linear multi-scale modeling of diffusion MRI data: A framework for characterization of oriented structures across length scales.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Estimating axon radius using diffusion-relaxation MRI: calibrating a surface-based relaxation model with histology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Artificial intelligence for diffusion MRI-based tissue microstructure estimation in the human brain: an overview.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify optimal pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) and oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequence settings for maximizing sensitivity to axon diameter in idealized and practical conditions.
methodsSimulations on a simple two-compartment white matter model (with nonpermeable cylinders) are used to investigate a wide space of clinically plausible PGSE and OGSE sequence parameters with trapezoidal diffusion gradient waveforms. Signal sensitivity is measured as a derivative of the signal with respect to axon diameter. Models of parallel and dispersed fibers are investigated separately to represent idealized and practical conditions.
resultsSimulations show that, for the simple case of gradients perfectly perpendicular to straight parallel fibers, PGSE always gives maximum sensitivity. However, in real-world scenarios where fibers have unknown and dispersed orientation, low-frequency OGSE provides higher sensitivity. Maximum sensitivity results show that on current clinical scanners (Gmax = 60 mT/m, signal to noise ratio (SNR) = 20) axon diameters below 6 µm are indistinguishable from zero. Scanners with stronger gradient systems such as the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Connectom scanner (Gmax = 300 mT/m) can extend this sensitivity limit down to 2-3 µm, probing a much greater proportion of the underlying axon diameter distribution.
conclusionLow-frequency OGSE provides additional sensitivity to PGSE in practical situations. OGSE is particularly advantageous for systems with high performance gradients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.