ArticleAnnals of neurology2015
Cerebrospinal fluid markers reveal intrathecal inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04496830 (Cerebrospinal Fluid-biomarkers-based Diagnostic and Prognostic Models for Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cerebrospinal Fluid-biomarkers-based Diagnostic and Prognostic Models for Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid sCD27 as a Biomarker of Neuroinflammatory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Pooled it
- Current Status and Future Opportunities in Modeling Clinical Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Clemastine fumarate accelerates accumulation of disability in progressive multiple sclerosis by enhancing pyroptosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Trial
- Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Trial
- Idebenone does not inhibit disability progression in primary progressive MS.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2020Trial
- CSF inflammatory biomarkers responsive to treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis capture residual inflammation associated with axonal damage.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2019Trial
- Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers link toxic astrogliosis and microglial activation to multiple sclerosis severity.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2019Trial
- Th1/Th17-linked transcription factors TBX21 and RORC were associated with clinical response to rituximab in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- From Diagnosis to Disease Staging: Multisite Validation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecular Tests in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Residual inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid after short- and long-term natalizumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- The Sanctuary Within: Development of CD20+ CNS Lymphoma Despite Peripheral B-Cell Depletion by Rituximab in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in untreated multiple sclerosis defines evolving disease biology.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Profiling the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Effects and Associations with IgM Oligoclonal Bands.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis via interferon signaling and CD8 T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Research square · 2025Article
- Maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis via interferon signaling and CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Three cases with chronic obsessive compulsive disorder report gains in wellbeing and function following rituximab treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Pathway-instructed therapeutic selection of ruxolitinib reduces neuroinflammation in fungal postinfectious inflammatory syndrome.Science advances · 2025Observational
- Association of Baseline Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein with Expanded Disability Status Score Dynamics in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Assessing disease progression and treatment response in progressive multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe management of complex patients with neuroimmunological diseases is hindered by an inability to reliably measure intrathecal inflammation. Currently implemented laboratory tests developed >40 years ago either are not dynamic or fail to capture low levels of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to identify and validate biomarkers of CNS inflammation in 2 blinded, prospectively acquired cohorts of untreated patients with neuroimmunological diseases and embedded controls, with the ultimate goal of developing clinically useful tools.
methodsBecause biomarkers with maximum utility reflect immune phenotypes, we included an assessment of cell specificity in purified primary immune cells. Biomarkers were quantified by optimized electrochemiluminescent immunoassays.
resultsAmong markers with cell-specific secretion, soluble CD27 is a validated biomarker of intrathecal T-cell activation, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. Comparing the quantities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune cells and their respective cell-specific soluble biomarkers (released by CSF cells as well as their counterparts in CNS tissue) provided invaluable information about stationary CNS immune responses, previously attainable via brain biopsy only. Unexpectedly, progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have comparable numbers of activated intrathecal T and B cells, which are preferentially embedded in CNS tissue in the former group.
interpretationThe cell-specific biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation may improve diagnosis and management of neuroimmunological diseases and provide pharmacodynamic markers for future therapeutic developments in patients with intrathecal inflammation that is not captured by imaging, such as in progressive MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.