Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25807524›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

GLI2-dependent c-MYC upregulation mediates resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1.

Krishan Kumar, Sania S Raza, Lawrence M Knab, Christina R Chow, Benjamin Kwok, David J Bentrem, Relja Popovic, Kazumi Ebine, Jonathan D Licht, Hidayatullah G Munshi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A circular RNA overcomes acquired resistance to BET inhibitors by antagonizing IGF2BP2-mediated c-MYC translation in TNBC.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Target c-Myc to treat pancreatic cancer.Cancer biology & therapy · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. BET Proteins as Attractive Targets for Cancer Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The emerging role of BET inhibitors in breast cancer.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Krishan Kumar1] Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612.
Sania S RazaDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Lawrence M KnabDepartment of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611.
Christina R Chow1] Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Benjamin KwokDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
David J Bentrem1] Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 [3] The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Relja PopovicDepartment of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Kazumi Ebine1] Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612.
Jonathan D Licht1] Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Hidayatullah G Munshi1] Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 [2] Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612 [3] The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611.
Northwestern University · USJesse Brown VA Medical Center · US

Funding

Tumor Environment and Metastasis (TEAM) Research ProgramP30CA060553 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Daniela E Matei · 1993 to 2026
$153.9M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND CANCERT32CA070085 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LEONIDAS C. PLATANIAS · 1997 to 2026
$5.7M
CLINICAL ONCOLOGY RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAMT32CA079447 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LICHT, JONATHAN D. · 1999 to 2013
$3.1M
Targeting BET Bromodomain in Pancreatic CancerR01CA186885 · NCI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI MUNSHI, HIDAYATULLAH G. · 2014 to 2017
$1.4M
Targeting stromal reaction in pancreatic cancer to overcome chemo-resistanceI01BX001363 · VA · JESSE BROWN VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI MUNSHI, HIDAYATULLAH G. · 2012 to 2015
–
BLRD VA I01 BX001363NCI NIH HHS P30 CA060553NCI NIH HHS R01 CA186885NCI NIH HHS R01CA186885NCI NIH HHS T32 CA070085NCI NIH HHS T32CA070085NCI NIH HHS T32 CA079447NCI NIH HHS T32CA079447
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

JQ1 and I-BET151 are selective inhibitors of BET bromodomain proteins that have efficacy against a number of different cancers. Since the effectiveness of targeted therapies is often limited by development of resistance, we examined whether it was possible for cancer cells to develop resistance to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Here we show that pancreatic cancer cells developing resistance to JQ1 demonstrate cross-resistance to I-BET151 and insensitivity to BRD4 downregulation. The resistant cells maintain expression of c-MYC, increase expression of JQ1-target genes FOSL1 and HMGA2, and demonstrate evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, reverting EMT fails to sensitize the resistant cells to JQ1 treatment. Importantly, the JQ1-resistant cells remain dependent on c-MYC that now becomes co-regulated by high levels of GLI2. Furthermore, downregulating GLI2 re-sensitizes the resistant cells to JQ1. Overall, these results identify a mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to BET inhibitors.

Indexed as

ApoptosisAzepinesCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationDrug Resistance, NeoplasmEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHeterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More RingsHumansKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsNuclear ProteinsPancreatic NeoplasmsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycSignal TransductionTranscriptional ActivationTriazolesAzepinesGLI2 protein, humanGSK1210151AHeterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings(+)-JQ1 compoundKruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMYC protein, humanNuclear ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycTriazolesZinc Finger Protein Gli2

Identifiers

PMID25807524
PMCPMC4452877
OpenAlexW2095424101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.