Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25807280›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2015

Muscle connective tissue controls development of the diaphragm and is a source of congenital diaphragmatic hernias.

Allyson J Merrell, Benjamin J Ellis, Zachary D Fox, Jennifer A Lawson, Jeffrey A Weiss, Gabrielle Kardon

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed
15.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Mechanical compression causes lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia with GATA4 genetic variants.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Modeling patient variants ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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  11. Mesenchymal retinoic acid signaling is required for normal diaphragm development in mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Allyson J MerrellDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Benjamin J Ellis1] Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Zachary D FoxDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Jennifer A LawsonDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Jeffrey A Weiss1] Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Gabrielle KardonDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
University of Utah · US

Funding

Finite Elements For Biomechanics And BiophysicsR01GM083925 · NIGMS · UTAH STATE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM--UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI GERARD A. ATESHIAN, JEFFREY A. WEISS · 2008 to 2026
$7.6M
Origins of Elasticity/Viscoelasticity in Knee LigamentsR01AR047369 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI WEISS, JEFFREY A. · 2000 to 2014
$3.4M
Role of Muscle Connective Tissue in Muscle and Tendon DevelopmentR01HD053728 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI KARDON, GABRIELLE · 2006 to 2016
$3.1M
Fluorender: An Imaging Tool for Visualization and Analysis of Confocal Data as ApR01GM098151 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HANSEN, CHARLES · 2011 to 2014
$1.2M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR047369NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD053728NICHD NIH HHS R01HD053728NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083925NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM083925NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM098151NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM098151
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diaphragm is an essential mammalian skeletal muscle, and defects in diaphragm development are the cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs), a common and often lethal birth defect. The diaphragm is derived from multiple embryonic sources, but how these give rise to the diaphragm is unknown, and, despite the identification of many CDH-associated genes, the etiology of CDH is incompletely understood. Using mouse genetics, we show that the pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs), which are transient embryonic structures, are the source of the diaphragm's muscle connective tissue and regulate muscle development, and we show that the striking migration of PPF cells controls diaphragm morphogenesis. Furthermore, Gata4 mosaic mutations in PPF-derived muscle connective tissue fibroblasts result in the development of localized amuscular regions that are biomechanically weaker and more compliant, leading to CDH. Thus, the PPFs and muscle connective tissue are critical for diaphragm development, and mutations in PPF-derived fibroblasts are a source of CDH.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisCell ProliferationCells, CulturedConnective TissueDiaphragmDisease Models, AnimalFibroblastsGATA4 Transcription FactorGene DeletionHepatocyte Growth FactorHernias, Diaphragmatic, CongenitalLungMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMuscle DevelopmentGata4 protein, mouseGATA4 Transcription FactorHepatocyte Growth FactorHGF protein, mouse

Identifiers

PMID25807280
PMCPMC4414795
OpenAlexW1967767747

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.