Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25805003›Full record

ReviewPeptides2015

Peptides and the blood-brain barrier.

William A Banks

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Peptides, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Guidelines for Comparing Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Biomolecules.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Review
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  11. Article
  12. Review
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  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

William A BanksGeriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: wabanks1@uw.edu.

Funding

Intranasal Insulin in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG046619 · NIA · SEATTLE INST FOR BIOMEDICAL/CLINICAL RES · PI BANKS, WILLIAM A · 2014 to 2018
$2.4M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG046619
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The demonstration that peptides and regulatory proteins can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the major contributions of Dr. Abba J. Kastin. He was the first to propose that peptides could cross the BBB, the first to show that an endogenous peptide did so, and the first to describe a saturable transport system at the BBB for peptides. His work shows that in crossing the BBB, peptides and regulatory proteins act as informational molecules, informing the brain of peripheral events. Brain-to-blood passage helps to control levels of peptides with the brain and can deliver information in the brain-to-blood direction. He showed that the transporters for peptides and proteins are not static, but respond to developmental and physiological changes and are affected by disease states. As such, the BBB is adaptive to the needs of the CNS, but when that adaption goes awry, the BBB can be a cause of disease. The mechanisms by which peptides and proteins cross the BBB offer opportunities for drug delivery of these substances or their analogs to the brain in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierHumansPeptidesProtein TransportPeptidesAJ KastinBlood–brain barrierCytokinesDelta sleep-inducing peptidePeptidesRegulatory proteins

Identifiers

PMID25805003
PMCPMC5354301

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.