ArticleGut2016
The clinical and biological significance of MIR-224 expression in colorectal cancer metastasis.
Article in Gut, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03309722 (Molecular Pathology of Colorectal Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Molecular Pathology of Colorectal Cancer: Investigating the Role of Novel Molecular Profiles, microRNA's, and Their Targets in Colorectal Cancer
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- The multifaceted role of microRNAs in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Review
- Associations of blood RNA biomarkers and circulating tumour cells in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potentials of MiRNA for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Treatment: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Interleukin-6 as a Predictive Marker for Lymph Node and Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Article
- The diagnostic potential of miR-196a-1 in colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- FBXW7 in gastrointestinal cancers: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways: A Review.Global medical genetics · 2023Review
- METTL3 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by promoting the maturation of pri-microRNA-196b.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- MicroRNA-452: a double-edged sword in multiple human cancers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- SHP-2-induced M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophagesFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal modulation of SMAD4 by HBx is required for cellular proliferation in hepatitis B-related liver cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Colorectal liver metastasis: molecular mechanism and interventional therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Article
- TRIP13, identified as a hub gene of tumor progression, is the target of microRNA-4693-5p and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Cell death discovery · 2022Article
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Novel potential therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- The seen and the unseen: Molecular classification and image based-analysis of gastrointestinal cancers.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- MicroRNAs Are Key Molecules Involved in the Gene Regulation Network of Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Their Functions and Mechanisms.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- The ZEB2-dependent EMT transcriptional programme drives therapy resistance by activating nucleotide excision repair genes ERCC1 and ERCC4 in colorectal cancer.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors at 14 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMicroRNA (miRNA) expression profile can be used as prognostic marker for human cancers. We aim to explore the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis.
designWe performed miRNA microarrays using primary CRC tissues from patients with and without metastasis, and validated selected candidates in 85 CRC samples by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We tested metastatic activity of selected miRNAs and identified miRNA targets by prediction algorithms, qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. Clinical outcomes were analysed in six sets of CRC cases (n=449), including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium and correlated with miR-224 status. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to assess the difference in survival between patients with low or high levels of miR-224 expression.
resultsMiR-224 expression increases consistently with tumour burden and microsatellite stable status, and miR-224 enhances CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We identified SMAD4 as a miR-224 target and observed negative correlation (Spearman Rs=-0.44, p<0.0001) between SMAD4 and miR-224 expression in clinical samples. Patients with high miR-224 levels display shorter overall survival in multiple CRC cohorts (p=0.0259, 0.0137, 0.0207, 0.0181, 0.0331 and 0.0037, respectively), and shorter metastasis-free survival (HR 6.51, 95% CI 1.97 to 21.51, p=0.0008). In the TCGA set, combined analysis of miR-224 with SMAD4 expression enhanced correlation with survival (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.41, p=0.0175).
conclusionsMiR-224 promotes CRC metastasis, at least in part, through the regulation of SMAD4. MiR-224 expression in primary CRC, alone or combined with its targets, may have prognostic value for survival of patients with CRC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.