ArticleInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2015
Microgravity activates p38 MAPK-C/EBPβ pathway to regulate the expression of arginase and inflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
Article in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Microgravity on Cytoskeletal Dynamics, Protein Transport, and Signaling Networks: Potential Therapeutic Opportunities for Skin Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MAPK/PMK-1 innate immune signaling protects the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from increased intestinal colonization in an animal host-pathogen model in space.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Multiple organ injury in septic rats under weightlessness.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Design and Synthesis of Marine-Inspired Itampolin A Derivatives to Overcome Chemoresistance in NSCLC via Cholesterol Homeostasis Modulation.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Immune System-Tumor Crosstalk Under Microgravity: Mechanistic Insights, Challenges, and Translational Perspectives.Cancers · 2025Review
- Aging and Altered Gravity: A Cellular Perspective.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Transcriptional Upregulation of HERV-Viruses · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Microgravity on Gene Expression: Dysregulated Pathways and Candidate Repurposed Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Omics Studies of Specialized Cells and Stem Cells under Microgravity Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cellular and Molecular Effects of Microgravity on the Immune System: A Focus on Bioactive Lipids.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The Impact of Microgravity on Immunological States.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Review
- Impacts of microgravity on amino acid metabolism during spaceflight.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Microgravity and immune cells.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Review
- MRTF may be the missing link in a multiscale mechanobiology approach toward macrophage dysfunction in space.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The Effects of Simulated Microgravity on Macrophage Phenotype.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Review
- Spaceflight and simulated microgravity suppresses macrophage development via altered RAS/ERK/NFκB and metabolic pathways.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Article
- Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells.NPJ microgravity · 2021Review
- The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Immune System Dysfunction under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND
designMolecular mechanisms of microgravity-caused immunosuppression are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity on macrophage functions and tried to identify the related intracellular signal pathways. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS: Primary mouse macrophages were used in the present study. The gene expression and function of IL-4-treated mouse macrophages were detected after simulated microgravity or 1 g control.
methodsFreshly isolated primary mouse macrophages were cultured in a standard simulated microgravity situation using a rotary cell culture system (RCCS-1) and 1 g control conditions. Real-time PCR, western blots and flow cytometry were used to investigate the related intracellular signals and molecule expression.
resultsThe arginase mRNA and protein levels in freshly isolated primary mouse macrophages under simulated microgravity using RCCS-1 were significantly higher than those under normal gravity. Meanwhile, simulated microgravity induced over-expression of C/EBPβ, a transcription factor of arginase promoter, and activation of p38 MAPK, which could increase C/EBPβ expression. Furthermore, up-regulation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and down-regulation of IL-12 p40 (IL-12B) in LPS-stimulated macrophages were also detected after simulated microgravity, which is regulated by C/EBPβ.
conclusionsSimulated microgravity activates a p38 MAPK-C/EBPβ pathway in macrophages to up-regulate arginase and IL-6 expression and down-regulate IL-12B expression. Both increased arginase expression and decreased IL-12B expression in macrophages during inflammation could result in immunosuppression under microgravity.
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