Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2015
Effects of human milk and formula on postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Comparison of the acute metabolic effect of different infant formulas and human milk in healthy adults: a randomized trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2021Trial
- Macronutrient Composition and Food Form Affect Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Carbohydrate composition of infant formula and glycemic regulation in early infancy using continuous glucose monitoring: cross-sectional evidence of altered glucose patterns with corn syrup solid-based formulas.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
- The neighborhood food environment modifies the association between infant feeding and childhood obesity.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Any Infant Formula Amount, but Not Infant Formula Type, Is Associated with Less Healthful Subsequent Beverage Intake among Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children-Participating Children.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Altered Nutrient Composition of Lactose-Reduced Infant Formula.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop.European journal of nutrition · 2023Review
- Lactose-reduced infant formula with corn syrup solids and obesity risk among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Effect of Reversal of Whey-Protein to Casein Ratio of Cow Milk, on Insulin, Incretin, and Amino Acid Responses in Humans.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2021Article
- Direct and Long-Term Metabolic Consequences of Lowly vs. Highly-Digestible Starch in the Early Post-Weaning Diet of Mice.Nutrients · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesConsumption of formula in place of human milk may produce differences in postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia that contribute to metabolic programming in the first year of life. The objective of the current study was to determine glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to human milk compared with a typical commercial formula, and then compare 11 other formulas. SUBJECTS/
methodsOn separate mornings in random order, 10 healthy breastfeeding mothers consumed 25 g available carbohydrate portions of their own milk, a formula and reference food (25 g glucose on two occasions). In the second study, 10 different healthy subjects consumed 25 g available carbohydrate portions of 11 different commercial formulas and three reference foods (25 g glucose on three occasions). Fingerpick blood samples were taken at regular intervals over 2 h, and the glycaemic index (GI) and insulin index determined according to a standardised protocol.
resultsThere were no significant differences in postprandial glycaemia or insulinaemia after human milk vs a typical formula (P = 0.3). Both produced a low GI (mean ± s.e.m.: 38 ± 7 vs 34 ± 7, respectively) and high insulin index (87 ± 14 vs 94 ± 16). The GI and insulin indices of the other formulas ranged from 18 ± 3 to 67 ± 6 and 53 ± 9 to 209 ± 33, respectively.
conclusionsHuman milk and a typical formula elicit similar postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, but there is a wide range of responses to other formulas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.