ReviewToxins2015
Cholera toxin B: one subunit with many pharmaceutical applications.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Kinetics of Serological Antibodies againstInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- SmartVax-Bp: An Immunoinformatic guided Multi-Epitope Vaccine Blueprint Against Burkholderia pseudomallei.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Cholera toxin as a model ABArchives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- A Modular Design of a Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Scaffolded Sub-Virion Nanoparticle Vaccine Against West Nile Virus.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Human Metapneumovirus G Protein Immunogenicity and Safety Explored via Carrier Protein Fusion.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Alcaligenes lipid A as a sublingual adjuvant to augment protective immune responses in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.International immunology · 2026Article
- Structural Design and Immunogenicity of a Novel Self-Adjuvanting Mucosal Vaccine Candidate for SARS-CoV-2 Expressed in Plants.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Strategies of Topical Niosomes and Their Synergistic Effect for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity and protective potential of a mucosal protein-only vaccine candidate for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunoinformatic based designing of highly immunogenic multi-epitope subunit vaccines to stimulate an adaptive immune response against Junin virus.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Correlations Between Rheology, In Situ Mucosal Retention and In Vivo Immunogenicity Reveal the Potential and Limitations of Mucoadhesive Excipients for Sublingual Vaccine Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- An Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Paper Strip for Rapid and Convenient Estimation of EV Concentration.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Dynamics of IgM and IgA Antibody Response Profile AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- The use of Bacillus subtilis as a cost-effective expression system for production of Cholera Toxin B fused factor VIII epitope regions applicable for inducing oral immune tolerance.Folia microbiologica · 2024Article
- Shining a light on fluorescent EV dyes: Evaluating efficacy, specificity and suitability by nano-flow cytometry.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Typhoid & paratyphoid vaccine development in the laboratory: a review & in-country experience.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Label-free, real-time monitoring of membrane binding events at zeptomolar concentrations using frequency-locked optical microresonators.Nature communications · 2024Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera, a waterborne acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, remains prevalent in underdeveloped countries and is a serious health threat to those living in unsanitary conditions. The major virulence factor is cholera toxin (CT), which consists of two subunits: the A subunit (CTA) and the B subunit (CTB). CTB is a 55 kD homopentameric, non-toxic protein binding to the GM1 ganglioside on mammalian cells with high affinity. Currently, recombinantly produced CTB is used as a component of an internationally licensed oral cholera vaccine, as the protein induces potent humoral immunity that can neutralize CT in the gut. Additionally, recent studies have revealed that CTB administration leads to the induction of anti-inflammatory mechanisms in vivo. This review will cover the potential of CTB as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent. We will also summarize various recombinant expression systems available for recombinant CTB bioproduction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.