Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25802731›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2015

Cardiovascular autonomic function analysis using approximate entropy from 24-h heart rate variability and its frequency components in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Xia Li, Shuo Yu, Hui Chen, Cheng Lu, Kuan Zhang, Fangjie Li

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Doppler signal analysis of the tricuspid valve in healthy fetuses during the first trimester: a cohort study.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026
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  11. Complexity Change in Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2017
    Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xia LiSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Shuo YuSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Hui ChenSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Cheng LuSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Kuan ZhangSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University Beijing, China.
Fangjie LiWangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing, China.
Capital Medical University · CNWangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionThe principal aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic system status of diabetes patients using approximate entropy (ApEn) extracted from 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) and its frequency components. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 29 healthy controls and 63 type 2 diabetes patients were included. Participants' 24-h HRV signals were recorded, and decomposed and reconstructed into four frequency components: high, low, very low and ultra low. The total 24-h HRV and its four components were divided into 24 1-h segments. ApEn values were extracted and statistically analyzed. Four traditional HRV indices, namely standard deviation of the RR intervals, root mean square of successive differences, coefficient of variance of RR intervals and ratio of low to high power of HRV, were also calculated.

resultsThe low-frequency component contained the most abundant non-linear information, so was potentially most suitable for studying the cardiovascular system status with non-linear methods. ApEn values extracted from low- and high-frequency components of healthy controls were higher than those of diabetes patients. Except for root mean square of successive differences, standard deviation of the RR intervals, low to high power of HRV and coefficient of variance of RR intervals of healthy controls were all higher than those of diabetes patients.

conclusionsThe results showed that ApEn contained information on disorders of autonomic system function of diabetes patients as traditional HRV indices in time and frequency domains. ApEn and three traditional indices showed accordance to some degree. Non-linear information in subcomponents of HRV was shown, which is potentially more effective for distinguishing healthy individuals and diabetes patients than that extracted from the total HRV. Compared with diabetes patients, the cardiovascular system of healthy controls showed information of higher complexity, and better regulation function in response to changes of environment.

Indexed as

24-h Heart rate variabilityApproximate entropyCardiovascular autonomic function

Identifiers

PMID25802731
PMCPMC4364858
OpenAlexW2075906394

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.