ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2015
Associations Between Pain, Current Tobacco Smoking, Depression, and Fibromyalgia Status Among Treatment-Seeking Chronic Pain Patients.
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Behavioral activation for smoking cessation may improve bodily pain in adults with lifetime major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Trial
- Identifying mechanisms that link pain to smoking relapse during a quit attempt.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021Trial
- Short-term changes in bodily pain and associated baseline factors in patients with fibromyalgia receiving paraprobiotic supplementation: a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Pain-Related Smoking Expectancies and Smoking Behavior Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers with Chronic Pain.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Differences in anxiety, depression and pain experience among adults with chronic low back pain as a function of nicotine product use.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Female Sex, Fibromyalgia Diagnosis, Obesity, Tobacco Use, Preoperative Opioid Use, and Postoperative Recurrent Instability Are Risk Factors for Return to the Emergency Department 1 Year After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial miRNAs and fibromyalgia: new biomarker candidates.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Attentional Bias for Opioids in Taiwanese Heavy Smokers with Chronic Noncancer Pain.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Personalized Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention as the Best-Evidenced Treatment for Chronic Pain: State-of-the-Art Clinical Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Temporal associations between use of psychoactive substances and somatic symptoms in the daily lives of people with fibromyalgia.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Medication use and factors associated with opiate use among patients with diagnosed fibromyalgia from two ethnic sectors in southern Israel.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Consensus statement on smoking cessation in patients with pain.Journal of anesthesia · 2022Review
- Effects of electroacupuncture on pain sensation in a rat model of hyperalgesia with nicotine dependence.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Effect of central sensitization on dizziness-related symptoms of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2022Article
- The Association of Current Tobacco Status With Pain and Symptom Severity in Fibromyalgia Patients.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2021Article
- Increases in BMI and chronic pain for US adults in midlife, 1992 to 2016.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAs smoking impacts physiological pathways in the central nervous system, it is important to consider the association between smoking and fibromyalgia, a pain condition caused predominantly by central nervous system dysfunction. The objectives were to assess the prevalence of current smoking among treatment-seeking chronic pain patients with (FM+) and without (FM-) a fibromyalgia-like phenotype; test the individual and combined influence of smoking and fibromyalgia on pain severity and interference; and examine depression as a mediator of these processes.
methodsQuestionnaire data from 1566 patients evaluated for a range of conditions at an outpatient pain clinic were used. The 2011 Survey Criteria for Fibromyalgia were used to assess the presence of symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.
resultsCurrent smoking was reported by 38.7% of FM+ patients compared to 24.7% of FM- patients. FM+ smokers reported higher pain and greater interference compared to FM+ nonsmokers, FM- smokers, and FM- nonsmokers. There was no interaction between smoking and fibromyalgia. Significant indirect effects of fibromyalgia and smoking via greater depression were observed for pain severity and interference.
conclusionsCurrent smoking and positive fibromyalgia status were associated with greater pain and impairment among chronic pain patients, possibly as a function of depression. Although FM+ smokers report the most negative clinical symptomatology (i.e., high pain, greater interference) smoking does not appear to have a unique association with pain or functioning in FM+ patients, rather the effect is additive. The 38.7% smoking rate in FM+ patients is high, suggesting FM+ smokers present a significant clinical challenge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.