SynthesisPloS one2015
Maternal gestational smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Diabetes and anti-diabetic interventions and the risk of gynaecological and obstetric morbidity: an umbrella review of the literature.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Serum homocysteine level and gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Gonadal Function and Its Evolution in 46,XX Testicular/Ovotesticular DSD.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Cryptorchidism and infertility: what do we know so far?Asian journal of andrology · 2026Review
- Obesity and cryptorchidism across development: an integrated endocrine and metabolic life course framework.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Night work during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism among male offspring: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study.Andrology · 2026Article
- Genetic, Epigenetic, and Non-Genetic Factors in Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Genes · 2025Review
- Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in China: A nationwide population-based surveillance study, 2007-2021.Andrology · 2025Article
- Article
- The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on cryptorchidism: Research hotspots and trends between 2000 and 2022.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Clinical aspects of histological and hormonal parameters in boys with cryptorchidism: Thesis for PhD degree.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- The undescended testis in children and adolescents. Part 1: pathophysiology, classification, and fertility- and cancer-related controversies.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Review
- The undescended testis in children and adolescents part 2: evaluation and therapeutic approach.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Review
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy and Genital Anomalies in Boys: A Register-Based Cohort and Sibling-Matched Design Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
- Association between the Concentrations of Metallic Elements in Maternal Blood during Pregnancy and Prevalence of Abdominal Congenital Malformations: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaternal gestational smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, and pre-pregnancy obesity are thought to increase the risk of cryptorchidism in newborn males, but the evidence is inconsistent.
methodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the association between maternal gestational smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, and pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of cryptorchidism. Articles were retrieved by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Stata/SE 12.0 software. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the influence of confounding variables.
resultsWe selected 32 articles, including 12 case-control, five nested case-control, and 15 cohort studies. The meta-analysis showed that maternal smoking (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11-1.23) or diabetes (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.00-1.46) during pregnancy were associated with increased risk of cryptorchidism. Overall, the association between maternal alcohol drinking (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87-1.07), pre-pregnancy body mass index (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.95-1.09) and risk of cryptorchidism were not statistically significant. Additional analysis showed reduced risk (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96) of cryptorchidism with moderate alcohol drinking during pregnancy. No dose-response relationship was observed for increments in body mass index in the risk of cryptorchidism. Sensitivity analysis revealed an unstable result for the association between maternal diabetes, alcohol drinking and cryptorchidism. Moderate heterogeneity was detected in studies of the effect of maternal alcohol drinking and diabetes. No publication bias was detected.
conclusionMaternal gestational smoking, but not maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, was associated with increased cryptorchidism risk in the offspring. Moderate alcohol drinking may reduce the risk of cryptorchidism while gestational diabetes may be a risk factor, but further studies are needed to verify this.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.