ArticleNutrition & metabolism2015
The glucose ketone index calculator: a simple tool to monitor therapeutic efficacy for metabolic management of brain cancer.
Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota, Adipose Tissue and Immunitary Regulation: Pilot Study on Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
A Modified Ketogenic, Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Patients With High-Grade Gliomas
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of ketogenic diet in glioblastoma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- A fully integrated smart ring for daily biochemical monitoring.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ketogenic diet as a metabolic vehicle enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and devimistat in juvenile syngeneic high-grade glioma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Medium-chain triglycerides improve cognition and systemic metabolism in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The Warburg hypothesis and the emergence of the mitochondrial metabolic theory of cancer.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2025Review
- Rethinking corticosteroids use in oncology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The role of β-hydroxybutyrate testing in ketogenic metabolic therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Targeting differential energy substrate metabolism on a therapeutic ketogenic diet: a case report.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Ketosis suppression and ageing (KetoSAge): the effect of suppressing ketosis on SHBG and sex hormone profiles in healthy premenopausal women, and its implications for cancer risk and therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- Oral Administration of a Novel, Synthetic Ketogenic Compound Elevates Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Mice in Both Fasted and Fed Conditions.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Systematic Review and Clinical Insights: The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Managing Glioblastoma in Cancer Neuroscience.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ketogenic metabolic therapy in conjunction with standard treatment for glioblastoma: A case report.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells through β-hydroxybutyrylation of indoleacetamide-N-methyltransferase.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Successful application of dietary ketogenic metabolic therapy in patients with glioblastoma: a clinical study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetabolic therapy using ketogenic diets (KD) is emerging as an alternative or complementary approach to the current standard of care for brain cancer management. This therapeutic strategy targets the aerobic fermentation of glucose (Warburg effect), which is the common metabolic malady of most cancers including brain tumors. The KD targets tumor energy metabolism by lowering blood glucose and elevating blood ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate). Brain tumor cells, unlike normal brain cells, cannot use ketone bodies effectively for energy when glucose becomes limiting. Although plasma levels of glucose and ketone bodies have been used separately to predict the therapeutic success of metabolic therapy, daily glucose levels can fluctuate widely in brain cancer patients. This can create difficulty in linking changes in blood glucose and ketones to efficacy of metabolic therapy.
methodsA program was developed (Glucose Ketone Index Calculator, GKIC) that tracks the ratio of blood glucose to ketones as a single value. We have termed this ratio the Glucose Ketone Index (GKI).
resultsThe GKIC was used to compute the GKI for data published on blood glucose and ketone levels in humans and mice with brain tumors. The results showed a clear relationship between the GKI and therapeutic efficacy using ketogenic diets and calorie restriction.
conclusionsThe GKIC is a simple tool that can help monitor the efficacy of metabolic therapy in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials for malignant brain cancer and possibly other cancers that express aerobic fermentation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.