ReviewExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology2015
Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in mucosal tissue.
Review in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue Pharmacologic and Virologic Determinants of Duodenal and Rectal Gastrointestinal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Efficacy of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV among women with abnormal vaginal microbiota: a post-hoc analysis of the randomised, placebo-controlled Partners PrEP Study.The lancet. HIV · 2017Trial
- Heterogeneous Antiretroviral Drug Exposure in Male and Female Genital Tract Tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Cross-Biomeasure Study to Optimize Antiretroviral Adherence Estimation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Drug transporter mRNA expression and genital inflammation in South African women on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Lenacapavir: Playing the Long Game in the New Era of Antiretrovirals.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Enhanced and sustained biodistribution of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody VRC01LS in human genital and rectal mucosa.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Pharmacogenomics of drug transporters for antiretroviral long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
- The Influence of PrEP-Related Stigma and Social Support on PrEP-Use Disclosure among Women Who Inject Drugs and Social Network Members.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Antiretroviral drug exposure in urethral and glans surface sampling of the penis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Pharmacology of HIV Cure: Site of Action.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Review
- Antiretroviral Penetration and Drug Transporter Concentrations in the Spleens of Three Preclinical Animal Models and Humans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection.PloS one · 2019Article
- Pharmacology of Antiretrovirals in the Female Genital Tract for HIV Prevention.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
- A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model to Predict Effective HIV Prophylaxis Dosing Strategies for People Who Inject Drugs.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- Efficacy of Vaginally Administered Gel Containing Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Against Repeated Rectal Simian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposures in Macaques.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Differential impact of transplantation on peripheral and tissue-associated viral reservoirs: Implications for HIV gene therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Nanoparticle-releasing nanofiber composites for enhanced in vivo vaginal retention.Biomaterials · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn the absence of an HIV vaccine or cure, antiretroviral (ARV)-based prevention strategies are being investigated to reduce HIV incidence. These prevention strategies depend on achieving effective drug concentrations at the site of HIV exposure, which is most commonly the mucosal tissue of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. AREAS COVERED: This article collates all known data regarding drug exposure in these vulnerable mucosal tissues and reviews important mechanisms of ARV drug distribution. Research papers and abstracts describing ARV pharmacokinetics (PK) in the female genital tract and lower gastrointestinal mucosal tissues available in MEDLINE® or presented at scientific conferences prior to December 2014 are reviewed in detail. Important influences on ARV mucosal tissue distribution, including protein binding, active drug transport and endogenous hormones are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION: ARVs exhibit highly variable PK in mucosal tissues. In general, ARV exposure is higher in the lower gastrointestinal tract compared with the female genital tract, but concentrations required for protective efficacy are largely unknown. The expected site of HIV exposure represents an important consideration when designing and optimizing ARV-based prevention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.