ArticleAntiviral research2015
Evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in vitro inhibition by chloroquine and chlorpromazine, two FDA approved molecules.
Article in Antiviral research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials.Life sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Drug repositioning as a promising approach for the eradication of emerging and re-emerging viral agents.Molecular diversity · 2025Review
- Advancements in vaccine development and therapeutic approaches for severe fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Detection, Treatment, and Vaccination: Overview of Current Status and Challenges.Biological procedures online · 2024Review
- Comparative characterization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus cell culture systems with application to propagation and titration methods.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Antiviral Treatment Options for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Infections.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- Molecular docking and dynamics simulation analysis of nucleoprotein from the Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain Baghdad-12 with FDA approved drugs.Bioinformation · 2022Article
- An update on emerging therapeutics to combat COVID-19.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2021Review
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Current Advances and Future Prospects of Antiviral Strategies.Viruses · 2021Review
- Drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: Pharmacological aspects and synthetic approaches.Bioorganic chemistry · 2021Review
- COVID-19: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Immunity - Repurposing Drugs and Chronotherapeutics for SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Review
- Review
- Identification of an Antiviral Compound from the Pandemic Response Box that Efficiently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Antiviral activity of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine towards RNA-viruses. A review.European journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Zinc(II)-The Overlooked Éminence Grise of Chloroquine's Fight against COVID-19?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Treatment of COVID 19-Repurposing drugs commonly used in dermatology.Dermatologic therapy · 2020Review
- New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19?International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic virus (CCHFV) causes hemorrhagic fever with high case mortality rates and is endemic in south-eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia. The limited catalog of specific treatment, highlight the necessity to look for additional therapeutic solutions. Previous experiments suggested that CCHFV enters the cells via a clathrin dependent pathway. Therefore, we have evaluated the potential anti-CCHFV activity of several molecules targeting this entry possibility. We identified two molecules chloroquine and chlorpromazine. Neutralization and virus yield reduction assays were tested in Vero E6 and Huh7 cells on two different CCHFV strains. Several combinations, including ribavirin, were assayed to test a potential synergistic effect. The two molecules inhibited CCHFV, and depending on the virus and the cell lines, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for chloroquine and chlorpromazine ranged from 28 to 43 and 10.8-15.7 μM, respectively. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that these molecules had a direct effect on CCHFV infectivity and spread. The antiviral activity of the two molecules was still effective even when added up to 6h post-infection and up to 24h. The selectivity index ranging from 3 to 35 lead us to evaluate combinations with ribavirin. Combinations of ribavirin and chloroquine or chlorpromazine were synergistic against CCHFV. Though the low chlorpromazine selectivity index suggests the need for a chemical improvement, our present study highlights chloroquine as the main drug having the potential for drug repurposing.
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