ArticleDiabetologia2015
Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Levels of Remnant Cholesterol as Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Pooled it
- A scientometric visualization analysis of the gut microbiota and gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis applying the theoretical domains framework.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Influence of exercise intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2017Pooled it
- Genetic variants associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and subgroup analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Quantification of the type 2 diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 95,750 women.Diabetologia · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Intuitive Eating Behavior, Diet Quality and Metabolic Health in the Postpartum in Women with Gestational Diabetes.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain are associated with maternal and infant adverse outcomes in Chinese women with gestational diabetes.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- A Smartphone App to Restore Optimal Weight (SPAROW) in Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Trial
- Effect of Treatment of Mild Gestational Diabetes on Long-Term Maternal Outcomes.American journal of perinatology · 2020Trial
- Mothers after Gestational Diabetes in Australia (MAGDA): A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Postnatal Diabetes Prevention Program.PLoS medicine · 2016Trial
- Global evidence on risk factors for the progression of gestational diabetes to type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- MTHFR variants modify the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance among women with gestational diabetes mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Postpartum Glucose Intolerance in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An In-Depth Review.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Planetary Health Diet and Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases Among Women With Gestational Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of type 2 diabetes 4 years after the index pregnancy in Moroccan women-a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisWomen with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.
methodsWe included 1,695 women who had incident GDM between 1991 and 2001, as part of the Diabetes & Women's Health study, and followed them until the return of the 2009 questionnaire. Body weight and incident type 2 diabetic cases were reported biennially. We defined baseline as the questionnaire period when women reported an incident GDM pregnancy. We estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsWe documented 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during up to 18 years of follow-up. The adjusted HRs of type 2 diabetes associated with each 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI were 1.16 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19) for baseline BMI and 1.16 (95% CI 1.13, 1.20) for most recent BMI. Moreover, each 5 kg increment of weight gain after GDM development was associated with a 27% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.04, 1.54). Jointly, women who had a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m(2) at baseline and gained ≥5 kg after GDM had an adjusted HR of 43.19 (95% CI 13.60, 137.11), compared with women who had a BMI <25.0 kg/m(2) at baseline and gained <5 kg after GDM. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationBaseline BMI, most recent BMI and weight gain after GDM were significantly and positively associated with risk of progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.