Trial reportVaccine2015
Rationale and design of a long term follow-up study of women who did and did not receive HPV 16/18 vaccination in Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Trial report in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Design and initial findings of a natural history study of anal HPV and associated lesions among young adult women in Costa Rica.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- HPV16/18 antibodies 16-years after single dose of bivalent HPV vaccination: Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Trial
- Precancerous cervical lesions caused by non-vaccine-preventable HPV types after vaccination with the bivalent AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine: an analysis of the long-term follow-up study from the randomised Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of the bivalent HPV vaccine against HPV 16/18-associated precancer: long-term follow-up results from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of Durability of a Single Dose of the Bivalent HPV Vaccine: The CVT Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2020Trial
- Durability of Cross-Protection by Different Schedules of the Bivalent HPV Vaccine: The CVT Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Durability of Protection Afforded by Fewer Doses of the HPV16/18 Vaccine: The CVT Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Trial
- Sample Size Estimations Based on Human Microbiome Temporal Stability Over 6 Months: A Shallow Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Differential long-term bivalent HPV vaccine cross-protection by variants in the Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Global evaluation of lineage-specific human papillomavirus capsid antigenicity using antibodies elicited by natural infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Estimating human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy from a single-arm trial: proof-of-principle in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Different human papillomavirus types share early natural history transitions in immunocompetent women.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Performance of Cervical Screening a Decade Following HPV Vaccination: The Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Analysis of cervical HPV infections among unvaccinated young adult women to inform vaccine strategies in this age group: the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Non-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16/18 Cervical Infections and Associated Lesions Among HPV DNA-Negative Women Vaccinated Against HPV-16/18 in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A proposed new generation of evidence-based microsimulation models to inform global control of cervical cancer.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- The Natural History of Oral Human Papillomavirus in Young Costa Rican Women.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT) was a randomized clinical trial conducted between 2004 and 2010, which randomized 7466 women aged 18 to 25 to receive the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine or control Hepatitis-A vaccine. Participants were followed for 4 years with cross-over vaccination at the study end. In 2010 the long term follow-up (LTFU) study was initiated to evaluate the 10-year impact of HPV-16/18 vaccination, determinants of the immune response, and HPV natural history in a vaccinated population. Herein, the rationale, design and methods of the LTFU study are described, which actively follows CVT participants in the HPV-arm 6 additional years at biennial intervals (3 additional study visits for 10 years of total follow-up), or more often if clinically indicated. According to the initial commitment, women in the Hepatitis-A arm were offered HPV vaccination at cross-over; they were followed 2 additional years and exited from the study. 92% of eligible CVT women accepted participation in LTFU. To provide underlying rates of HPV acquisition and cervical disease among unvaccinated women to compare with the HPV-arm during LTFU, a new unvaccinated control group (UCG) of women who are beyond the age generally recommended for routine vaccination was enrolled, and will be followed by cervical cancer screening over 6 years. To form the UCG, 5000 women were selected from a local census, of whom 2836 women (61% of eligible women) agreed to participate. Over 90% of participants complied with an interview, blood and cervical specimen collection. Evaluation of comparability between the original (Hepatitis-A arm of CVT) and new (UCG) control groups showed that women's characteristics, as well as their predicted future risk for cervical HPV acquisition, were similar, thus validating use of the UCG. LTFU is poised to comprehensively address many important questions related to long-term effects of prophylactic HPV vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.