ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial pathogens identified from houseflies in different human and animal settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.).BMC public health · 2018Pooled it
- Mechanisms for floor surfaces or environmental ground contamination to cause human infection: a systematic review.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Pooled it
- Flies from meat processing facilities are carriers of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and diverse Staphylococcaceae species.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in SelectedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Threats across boundaries: the spread of ESBL-positiveFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Isolation and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase ProducingIndian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Housefly gut microbiomes as a reservoir and facilitator for the spread of antibiotic resistance.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Avian PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- House Flies Are Underappreciated Yet Important Reservoirs and Vectors of Microbial Threats to Animal and Human Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Flies as Vectors and Potential Sentinels for Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
- Occurrence and Characteristics of ESBL- and Carbapenemase- ProducingMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- First report of multidrug-resistantVeterinary world · 2022Article
- A role for arthropods as vectors of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in surgical site infections from South Asia.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Potential bacterial biomarkers for insect colonization in forensic cases: preliminary quantitative data on Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica and Ignatzschineria indica dynamics.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Detection of ESBL/AmpC-Producing and Fosfomycin-ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant CommensalFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli strains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these isolates, 23 contained bla(CTX-M-1), 18 contained bla(CTX-M-14), and 1 contained bla(CTX-M-9). ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored qnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found for E. coli isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistant E. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.
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