ArticleDiabetes care2015
Small nerve fiber quantification in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: comparing corneal confocal microscopy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density.
Article in Diabetes care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal Confocal Microscopy and Skin Biopsy to Differentiate Painful From Painless Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review With Multiple Meta-Analyses.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Redefining distal symmetrical polyneuropathy features in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review.Acta diabetologica · 2022Pooled it
- Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Pooled it
- CornealFrontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in prediabetes: a systematic review.Diabetologia · 2021Pooled it
- Performance analysis of noninvasive electrophysiological methods for the assessment of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in clinical research: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review on the impact of diabetes mellitus on the ocular surface.Nutrition & diabetes · 2017Pooled it
- Comparison of intraepidermal nerve fiber density and confocal corneal microscopy for neuropathy.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Trial
- Early corneal nerve fibre damage and increased Langerhans cell density in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- NerveCheck: An inexpensive quantitative sensory testing device for patients with diabetic neuropathy.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2016Trial
- Improvement of small fiber neuropathy assessed by corneal confocal microscopy following semaglutide treatment: a case report and literature review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Effects of Sitagliptin and Celery Seed Extract on Corneal Nerve Morphology and Sensory Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- Interrelationship Between Socioeconomic Status, Depression, and Neuropathy in People with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetic Neuropathy: From Etiopathogenesis to Integrative Therapeutic Strategies with Traditional Chinese Medicine.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Targets, Pharmacological Mechanisms, and Delivery Strategies for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Ocular surface homeostasis instability in acoustic neuroma: corneal nerve density reduction and blink reflex abnormalities.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Observational
- Review
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Development of Diagnostic Nomograms Using Corneal Nerve Parameters for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveQuantitative assessment of small fiber damage is key to the early diagnosis and assessment of progression or regression of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) is the current gold standard, but corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an in vivo ophthalmic imaging modality, has the potential to be a noninvasive and objective image biomarker for identifying small fiber damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of CCM and IENFD by using the current guidelines as the reference standard. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsEighty-nine subjects (26 control subjects and 63 patients with type 1 diabetes), with and without DSPN, underwent a detailed assessment of neuropathy, including CCM and skin biopsy.
resultsManual and automated corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (P < 0.0001), branch density (CNBD) (P < 0.0001) and length (CNFL) (P < 0.0001), and IENFD (P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes with DSPN compared with control subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying DSPN was 0.82 for manual CNFD, 0.80 for automated CNFD, and 0.66 for IENFD, which did not differ significantly (P = 0.14).
conclusionsThis study shows comparable diagnostic efficiency between CCM and IENFD, providing further support for the clinical utility of CCM as a surrogate end point for DSPN.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.