ArticlePublic health2015
Tuberculosis report among injection drug users and their partners in Kazakhstan.
Article in Public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prisoners co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- Awareness, Attitudes, and Behavioral Practices of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan Regarding Tuberculosis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Predominant Beijing Lineage, Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment Barriers, and Infection Control Strategies: An Integrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modeling tuberculosis transmission dynamics in Kazakhstan using SARIMA and SIR models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Outcome and Competing Risks: Application to HIV/AIDS Data.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Article
- Treatment Outcomes of Childhood TB Patients in Four TB High Burden States of Malaysia: Results from a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Challenges posed by COVID-19 to people who inject drugs and lessons from other outbreaks.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- HIV and tuberculosis co-infection in East Asia and the Pacific from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.Journal of thoracic disease · 2019Article
- Optimizing HIV prevention and treatment outcomes for persons with substance use in Central Asia: what will it take?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- Identifying risk factors associated with smear positivity of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kazakhstan.PloS one · 2017Article
- Risks for tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: implications for prevention.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTuberculosis (TB) is a major threat to global public health. Kazakhstan has the second highest percentage of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases among incident tuberculosis cases in the world (WHO 2013). A high burden of MDR-TB suggests TB prevention, control, and treatment programs are failing. This study provides an epidemiologic profile of TB among injection drug users (IDUs), a high-risk and chronically underserved population, in Kazakhstan. STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsThe authors studied the characteristics and risk environment of IDUs with self-reported previous active TB and their primary sexual partners in Almaty, Kazakhstan. 728 individuals (364 couples) participated in a couple-based study in 2009.
results16.75% of participants reported at least one positive TB test (x-ray) in their lifetime. In a multivariable logistic regression adjusting for couple-based sampling, persons with positive TB test were significantly more likely to be older (odds ratio (OR) 7.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73, 30.43), male (OR 5.53, 95% CI: 2.74, 11.16), have a shorter duration of injection drug use (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.65), have received high social support from their significant other (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.40) and more likely (non-significantly) to have been incarcerated (OR 7.03, 95% CI: 0.64, 77.30).
conclusionsOlder men with a history of incarceration and recent injection drug use were more likely to have positive TB test in Kazakhstan. Social network support, while potentially positive for many aspects of population health, may increase risk of TB among IDUs in this context. Public health policies that target high-risk populations and their at-risk networks may be necessary to stem the rise of MDR-TB in Central Asia.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.