ArticlePharmaceutical research2015
Vaginal Microbicide Film Combinations of Two Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, EFdA and CSIC, for the Prevention of HIV-1 Sexual Transmission.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering vaginal film platform for mucoadhesion and sustained drug release for HIV-1 prevention.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Vaginal Sheets withGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tenofovir vaginal film as a potential MPT product against HIV-1 and HSV-2 acquisition: formulation development and preclinical assessment in non-human primates.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Hexavalent sperm-binding IgG antibody released from vaginal film for development of potent on-demand nonhormonal female contraception.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Human Organotypic Models for Anti-infective Research.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
- Rational Design of a Multipurpose Bioadhesive Vaginal Film for Co-Delivery of Dapivirine and Levonorgestrel.Pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Long-Acting Anti-HIV Drugs Targeting HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Pharmaceutical Vehicles for Vaginal and Rectal Administration of Anti-HIV Microbicide Nanosystems.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- 4'-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, MK-8591: a novel HIV-1 reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2018Review
- Vaginal film for prevention of HIV: using visual and tactile evaluations among potential users to inform product design.Pharmaceutical development and technology · 2018Article
- User input in iterative design for prevention product development: leveraging interdisciplinary methods to optimize effectiveness.Drug delivery and translational research · 2017Article
- Designing and developing suppository formulations for anti-HIV drug delivery.Therapeutic delivery · 2017Review
- Preformulation and Vaginal Film Formulation Development of Microbicide Drug Candidate CSIC for HIV prevention.Journal of pharmaceutical innovation · 2017Article
- Historical development of vaginal microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in women: from past failures to future hopes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2017Review
- Colorectal delivery and retention of PEG-Amprenavir-Bac7 nanoconjugates--proof of concept for HIV mucosal pre-exposure prophylaxis.Drug delivery and translational research · 2016Article
- Drug delivery strategies and systems for HIV/AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEFdA is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against a wide spectrum of wild-type and drug resistant HIV-1 variants. CSIC is a tight-binding non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with demonstrated anti-HIV properties important for use in topical prevention of HIV transmission. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize film-formulated EFdA and CSIC for use as a female-controlled vaginal microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
methodsAssessments of EFdA- and CSIC-loaded films included physicochemical characteristics, in vitro cytotoxicity, epithelia integrity studies, compatibility with the normal vaginal Lactobacillus flora and anti-HIV bioactivity evaluations.
resultsNo significant change in physicochemical properties or biological activity of the combination films were noted during 3 months storage. In vitro cytotoxicity and bioactivity testing showed that 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of either EFdA or CSIC was several orders of magnitude higher than the 50% effective concentration (EC50) values. Film-formulated EFdA and CSIC combination showed additive inhibitory activity against wild type and drug-resistant variants of HIV. Epithelial integrity studies demonstrated that the combination vaginal film had a much lower toxicity to HEC-1A monolayers compared to that of VCF®, a commercial vaginal film product containing nonoxynol-9. Polarized ectocervical explants showed films with drug alone or in combination were effective at preventing HIV infection.
conclusionsOur data suggest that vaginal microbicide films containing a combination of the NRTI EFdA and the NNRTI CSIC have potential to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.