ReviewCytokine2015
Seeking balance: Potentiation and inhibition of multiple sclerosis autoimmune responses by IL-6 and IL-10.
Review in Cytokine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Selected Interleukins in the Development and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Selected Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Is Obesity a Modifiable Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis? Mechanistic Insights into Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease: recent advances and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of Ocrelizumab in modulating gene and microRNA expression in multiple sclerosis.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Article
- Allogeneic Treg-derived artificial vesicles: A promising therapeutic modality for multiple sclerosis.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Immunologic Effects of a Novel Bovine Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide on the Gut and Clinical Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- IL-6 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Target in Aged Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation: Effect on Cytokine Profile in Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology.Molecular brain · 2024Review
- Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acids in a Cohort of Naïve Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Pre- and Post-Interferon Beta Treatment Assessment.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2024Article
- Identification of the immune-related biomarkers in Behcet's disease by plasma proteomic analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Article
- IL-10 modified mRNA monotherapy prolongs survival after composite facial allografting through the induction of mixed chimerism.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: From etiology to therapeutics.International review of neurobiology · 2022Review
- The contribution of gut-brain axis to development of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 recovered patients: A hypothesis and review of literature.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- IL-10 revisited in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 are produced by cells of the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system and they appear to play key roles in genetically diverse autoimmune diseases such as relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Whereas previous intense investigations focused on the generation of autoantibodies and their contribution to immune-mediated pathogenesis in these diseases; more recent attention has focused on the roles of cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10. In response to pathogens, antigen presenting cells (APC), including B cells, produce IL-6 and IL-10 in order to up-or down-regulate immune cell activation and effector responses. Evidence of elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been routinely observed during inflammatory responses and in a number of autoimmune diseases. Our recent studies suggest that MS peripheral blood B cells secrete higher quantities of IL-6 and less IL-10 than B cells from healthy controls. Persistent production of IL-6, in turn, contributes to T cell expansion and the functional hyperactivity of APC such as MS B cells. Altered B cell activity can have a profound impact on resultant T cell effector functions. Enhanced signaling through the IL-6 receptor can effectively inhibit cytolytic activity, induce T cell resistance to IL-10-mediated immunosuppression and increase skewing of autoreactive T cells to a pathogenic Th17 phenotype. Our recent findings and studies by others support a role for the indirect attenuation of B cell responses by Glatiramer acetate (GA) therapy. Our studies suggest that GA therapy temporarily permits homeostatic regulatory mechanisms to be reinstated. Future studies of mechanisms underlying dysregulated B cell cytokine production could lead to the identification of novel targets for improved immunoregulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.