ArticlePloS one2015
Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Triphala and their active compounds chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid prevented epithelial to mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells, by inhibiting SMAD-3 phosphorylation.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Multifaceted Benefits of Triphala: Uncovering Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties From Antiquity to Modern Times.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Review
- Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Inhibitory effects of Triphala on CYP isoformsHeliyon · 2022Article
- Triphala inhibits alpha-synuclein fibrillization and their interaction study by NMR provides insights into the self-association of the protein.RSC advances · 2019Article
- Chebulinic acid derived from triphala is a promising antitumour agent in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018Article
- An Integrated Study on the Antitumor Effect and Mechanism of Triphala Against Gynecological Cancers Based on Network Pharmacological Prediction and In Vitro Experimental Validation.Integrative cancer therapies · 2018Article
- Epigallocatechin gallate & curcumin prevent transforming growth factor beta 1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in ARPE-19 cells.The Indian journal of medical research · 2017Article
- Chebulinic acid inhibits smooth muscle cell migration by suppressing PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that often leads to retinal detachment. In this study, Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation and two of its active ingredients, namely chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid were evaluated for anti-EMT properties based on in vitro experiments in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) under TGFβ1 induced conditions. ARPE-19 cells were treated with TGFβ1 alone or co-treated with various concentrations of aqueous extract (AqE) (30-300 μg/ml); alcoholic extract (AlE) (50-500 μg/ml) of triphala and the active principles chebulagic acid (CA) and chebulinic acid (CI) (CA,CI: 50-200 μM). The expression of EMT markers namely MMP-2, αSMA, vimentin and the tight junction protein ZO-1 were evaluated by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The functional implications of EMT, namely migration and proliferation of cells were assessed by proliferation assay, scratch assay and transwell migration assay. AqE, AlE, CA and CI reduced the expression and activity of MMP-2 at an ED50 value of 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μM and 100 μM, respectively. At these concentrations, a significant down-regulation of the expression of αSMA, vimentin and up-regulation of the expression of ZO-1 altered by TGFβ1 were observed. These concentrations also inhibited proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells induced by TGFβ1. EMT was found to be induced in ARPE-19 cells, through SMAD-3 phosphorylation and it was inhibited by AqE, AlE, CA and CI. Further studies in experimental animals are required to attribute therapeutic potential of these extracts and their active compounds, as an adjuvant therapy in the disease management of PVR.
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