ArticlePloS one2015
The subcortical cocktail problem; mixed signals from the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Large scale structure-function mappings of the human subcortex.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
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- Subthalamic segmentations in relation to deep brain stimulation volumes in Parkinson's disease.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
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- Subcortical nuclei of the human ascending arousal system encode anticipated reward but do not predict subsequent memory.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- The human brainstem's red nucleus was upgraded to support goal-directed action.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pre-choice midbrain fluctuations affect self-control in food choice: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reliability of triggering the stop process is related to prefrontal-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway recruitment.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Automated parcellation and atlasing of the human subcortex with ultra-high resolution quantitative MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Addressing Inconsistency in Functional Neuroimaging: A Replicable Data-Driven Multi-Scale Functional Atlas for Canonical Brain Networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Acute hypernatremia increases functional connectivity of NaCl sensing regions in the human brain: An fMRI pilot study.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2024Article
- Association of emotional and behavioral problems with the development of the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and red nucleus volumes and asymmetries from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Echoes from Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in the Subcortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Subthalamic nucleus shows opposite functional connectivity pattern in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Reinforcement learning with associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions: fMRI at 3 T and 7 T.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Neuroimaging at 7 Tesla: a pictorial narrative review.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2022Review
- Surprise: Unexpected Action Execution and Unexpected Inhibition Recruit the Same Fronto-Basal-Ganglia Network.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- Cortical and subcortical functional specificity associated with response inhibition.NeuroImage · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus and the directly adjacent substantia nigra are small and important structures in the basal ganglia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra are selectively involved in response inhibition, conflict processing, and adjusting global and selective response thresholds. However, imaging these nuclei is complex, because they are in such close proximity, they can vary in location, and are very small relative to the resolution of most fMRI sequences. Here, we investigated the consistency in localization of these nuclei in BOLD fMRI studies, comparing reported coordinates with probabilistic atlas maps of young human participants derived from ultra-high resolution 7T MRI scanning. We show that the fMRI signal reported in previous studies is likely not unequivocally arising from the subthalamic nucleus but represents a mixture of subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and surrounding tissue. Using a simulation study, we also tested to what extent spatial smoothing, often used in fMRI preprocessing pipelines, influences the mixture of BOLD signals. We propose concrete steps how to analyze fMRI BOLD data to allow inferences about the functional role of small subcortical nuclei like the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.