ArticleToxins2015
Firing the sting: chemically induced discharge of cnidae reveals novel proteins and peptides from box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) venom.
Article in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cnidarian Venoms in the Omics Era: Toxin Discovery and Bioactive Potential.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic Effects of Cnidarian Venoms: One Cancer, Two Cell Lines.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- A Review of the Chemical Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Jellyfish Toxins.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- A novel, non-invasive cnidarian venom extraction device.Toxicon: X · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of toxic components of Carybdea brevipedalia venom: implications for understanding box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) envenomation.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- The proteotranscriptomic characterization of venom in the white seafanOpen biology · 2025Article
- Elucidation of Medusozoan (Jellyfish) Venom Constituent Activities Using Constellation Pharmacology.Toxins · 2024Article
- Jellyfish as an Alternative Source of Bioactive Antiproliferative Compounds.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic Insights into the Diversity and Evolution of Myxozoa (Cnidaria, Endocnidozoa) Toxin-like Proteins.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Review
- Biochemical and Toxinological Characterization of Venom fromBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Potency Testing of Venoms and Antivenoms in Embryonated Eggs: An Ethical Alternative to Animal Testing.Toxins · 2021Article
- A Review of Toxins from Cnidaria.Marine drugs · 2020Review
- The pathology ofToxicon: X · 2020Review
- Chromosome-level reference genome of the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum.GigaScience · 2020Article
- Isolation, Structure Determination, and Synthesis of Cyclic Tetraglutamic Acids from Box Jellyfish SpeciesMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Biotechnological Applications of Scyphomedusae.Marine drugs · 2019Review
- Development of High-Throughput Fluorescent-Based Screens to Accelerate Discovery of P2X Inhibitors from Animal Venoms.Journal of natural products · 2019Article
- Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of the Tentacles and Mucus ofMarine drugs · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cnidarian venom research has lagged behind other toxinological fields due to technical difficulties in recovery of the complex venom from the microscopic nematocysts. Here we report a newly developed rapid, repeatable and cost effective technique of venom preparation, using ethanol to induce nematocyst discharge and to recover venom contents in one step. Our model species was the Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), which has a notable impact on public health. By utilizing scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, we examined nematocyst external morphology before and after ethanol treatment and verified nematocyst discharge. Further, to investigate nematocyst content or "venom" recovery, we utilized both top-down and bottom-up transcriptomics-proteomics approaches and compared the proteome profile of this new ethanol recovery based method to a previously reported high activity and recovery protocol, based upon density purified intact cnidae and pressure induced disruption. In addition to recovering previously characterized box jellyfish toxins, including CfTX-A/B and CfTX-1, we recovered putative metalloproteases and novel expression of a small serine protease inhibitor. This study not only reveals a much more complex toxin profile of Australian box jellyfish venom but also suggests that ethanol extraction method could augment future cnidarian venom proteomics research efforts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.