ArticlePloS one2015
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in HIV prevalence among young people in seven countries in eastern and southern Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex Differences in HIV Prevalence Persist over Time: Evidence from 18 Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Trends and spatial patterns of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence among men and women aged 15-49 in Sierra Leone: evidence from the 2008, 2013 and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- HIV-1 prevalence, drug resistance, and associated factors in the urban Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HIV prevalence and associated factors among adolescent boys and young men in South Africa: 2017 nationally representative household-based population survey.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- HIV trends and disparities by gender and urban-rural residence among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.Reproductive health · 2021Article
- Infectious and non-infectious diseases burden among Haitian immigrants in Chile: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- An unrecognized key population? Traditional treatment practices associated with HIV risk among traditional healers in rural South Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- The association between being currently in school and HIV prevalence among young women in nine eastern and southern African countries.PloS one · 2018Article
- Economic Resources and HIV Preventive Behaviors Among School-Enrolled Young Women in Rural South Africa (HPTN 068).AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Characteristics and geographic distribution of HIV-positive women diagnosed with cervical cancer in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2016Article
- Article
- A global comprehensive review of economic interventions to prevent intimate partner violence and HIV risk behaviours.Global health actionReview
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Abstract
backgroundIn Eastern and Southern Africa, HIV prevalence was highest among higher socioeconomic groups during the 1990s. It has been suggested that this is changing, with HIV prevalence falling among higher-educated groups while stable among lower-educated groups. A multi-country analysis has not been undertaken.
methodsWe analysed data on socio-demographic factors and HIV infection from 14 nationally representative surveys of adults aged 15-24 (seven countries, two surveys each, 4-8 years apart). Sample sizes ranged from 2,408-12,082 (72,135 total). We used logistic regression to assess gender-stratified associations between highest educational level attended and HIV status in each survey, adjusting for age and urban/rural setting. We tested for interactions with urban/rural setting and age. Our primary hypothesis was that higher education became less of a risk factor for HIV over time. We tested for interaction between survey-year and the education-HIV association in each country and all countries pooled.
findingsIn Ethiopia and Malawi, HIV prevalence was higher in more educated women in both surveys. In Lesotho, Kenya and Zimbabwe, HIV prevalence was lower in higher educated women in both surveys. In Ethiopia, HIV prevalence fell among no and secondary educated women only (interaction p<0·01). Only among young men in Tanzania there was some evidence that the association between education and HIV changed over time (p=0·07). Pooled analysis found little evidence for an interaction between survey year and the education-HIV association among men (p=0·60) or women (p=0·37).
interpretationThe pattern of prevalent HIV infection among young adults by level of education in different sub-Saharan African countries was heterogeneous. There was little statistical evidence that this pattern changed between 2003-5 and 2008-12. Explanations for the social epidemiology of HIV in Africa will need to account for time-trends and inter-country differences.
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