ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2015
Epidemiology and Ecology of Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens: Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrolyzed Water as a Biocide in Premise Water Networks: A Narrative Review and a Conceptual Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 100 Years of Drinking Water Outbreak Surveillance: Trends and Influence, United States, 1920-2020.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Disinfection and damage of nontuberculous mycobacteria by different UV wavelengths.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Premise Plumbing "CT" (PPCT) as a Control Parameter for Opportunistic Pathogens.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Microbial Growth Curve Framework Provides Insights for Controlling Opportunistic Pathogens in Building Plumbing.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Investigation of microbiological non-compliance of endoscopic final rinse water associated with opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens contamination in connecting tube.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ecological dynamics of three persistent opportunistic pathogens in hospital sinks and their potential antagonistic bacteria.mSystems · 2026Article
- Flushing as a Control Measure forEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Long-term control ofFrontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Novel molecular assessment method using precursor ribosomal RNA to rapidly quantify hard-to-monitor pathogens in aqueous suspensions: application to ultraviolet disinfection ofJournal of water and health · 2025Article
- Variable inhibition of differentApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- The Global Outbreak ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of changes in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhangjiakou area from 2018 to 2024.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Moving Beyond the Silos of Opportunistic Pathogen and Disinfection Byproduct Research to Improve Drinking Water System Management.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- Ten questions concerning water quality in building hot water systems.Building and environment · 2025Article
- Impacts of household water demands and water heater delivery temperatures on opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) in a residential setting.Total environment microbiology · 2025Article
- The State-of-the-Art ofHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The impact of DNA extraction on the quantification ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Antibiotic-ResistantEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Tap water microbiome shifts in secondary water supply for high-rise buildings.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2024Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLegionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) that persist and grow in household plumbing, habitats they share with humans. Infections caused by these OPPPs involve individuals with preexisting risk factors and frequently require hospitalization.
objectivesThe objectives of this report are to alert professionals of the impact of OPPPs, the fact that 30% of the population may be exposed to OPPPs, and the need to develop means to reduce OPPP exposure. We herein present a review of the epidemiology and ecology of these three bacterial OPPPs, specifically to identify common and unique features.
methodsA Water Research Foundation-sponsored workshop gathered experts from across the United States to review the characteristics of OPPPs, identify problems, and develop a list of research priorities to address critical knowledge gaps with respect to increasing OPPP-associated disease. DISCUSSION: OPPPs share the common characteristics of disinfectant resistance and growth in biofilms in water distribution systems or premise plumbing. Thus, they share a number of habitats with humans (e.g., showers) that can lead to exposure and infection. The frequency of OPPP-infected individuals is rising and will likely continue to rise as the number of at-risk individuals is increasing. Improved reporting of OPPP disease and increased understanding of the genetic, physiologic, and structural characteristics governing the persistence and growth of OPPPs in drinking water distribution systems and premise plumbing is needed.
conclusionsBecause broadly effective community-level engineering interventions for the control of OPPPs have yet to be identified, and because the number of at-risk individuals will continue to rise, it is likely that OPPP-related infections will continue to increase. However, it is possible that individuals can take measures (e.g., raise hot water heater temperatures and filter water) to reduce home exposures.
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