ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,423 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1,423 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,743 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to reduce antimicrobial use in livestock: a systematic review and evidence map.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2026Pooled it
- Wild birds as environmental reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiome and One Health in GCC countries: current status, research gaps, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Age- and diet-driven assembly of the gut antibiotic resistome in humans and food-producing animals.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Global transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes: Foodborne pathways as the critical link to humans.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Strengthening One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Bangladesh: Insights from the Fleming fund country grant.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of arginine combined with florfenicol againstVirulence · 2026Article
- Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Role of biosecurity practices in antimicrobial use on commercial poultry farms: One health implications for AMR mitigation in Bangladesh.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Population size modulates the transition from gene amplification-mediated heteroresistance to stable resistance.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Predicting resistance evolution to guide antibiotic development.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Modulation of Early-Life Calf Gut Microbiota by Bacteriocin-Producing Lactiplantibacillus pentosus AA86 and Pediococcus pentosaceus AA94.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Detection of livestock-associated MRSA ST398/t011 and hospital-associated MRSA ST239/t037 in a referral hospital in northeastern Iran: A six-month cross-sectional surveillance study (July-December 2025).New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Across Poultry-Human-Environmental Interfaces.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Synergistic Ionic Liquid-Antibiotic Combination as a Strategy against Methicillin-ResistantACS omega · 2026Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Normally Slaughtered, Emergency-Slaughtered, and Imported Beef in Egypt.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Urban-Adjacent Soils as a Global Reservoir of Toxigenic and Antimicrobial-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptides as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in livestock production: implications for animal health in tropical and sub-tropical systems.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Review
- Transformation and Sustainable Development of China's Pig Industry in the Post-African Swine Fever Era: A One Health Perspective.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Resistance and the Return to a Pre-Antibiotic Era: A Critical Narrative Review of a Global Catastrophe.Biomedicines · 2026Review
1,363 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Demand for animal protein for human consumption is rising globally at an unprecedented rate. Modern animal production practices are associated with regular use of antimicrobials, potentially increasing selection pressure on bacteria to become resistant. Despite the significant potential consequences for antimicrobial resistance, there has been no quantitative measurement of global antimicrobial consumption by livestock. We address this gap by using Bayesian statistical models combining maps of livestock densities, economic projections of demand for meat products, and current estimates of antimicrobial consumption in high-income countries to map antimicrobial use in food animals for 2010 and 2030. We estimate that the global average annual consumption of antimicrobials per kilogram of animal produced was 45 mg⋅kg(-1), 148 mg⋅kg(-1), and 172 mg⋅kg(-1) for cattle, chicken, and pigs, respectively. Starting from this baseline, we estimate that between 2010 and 2030, the global consumption of antimicrobials will increase by 67%, from 63,151 ± 1,560 tons to 105,596 ± 3,605 tons. Up to a third of the increase in consumption in livestock between 2010 and 2030 is imputable to shifting production practices in middle-income countries where extensive farming systems will be replaced by large-scale intensive farming operations that routinely use antimicrobials in subtherapeutic doses. For Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, the increase in antimicrobial consumption will be 99%, up to seven times the projected population growth in this group of countries. Better understanding of the consequences of the uninhibited growth in veterinary antimicrobial consumption is needed to assess its potential effects on animal and human health.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.