ArticleScientific reports2015
Distinct type I and type II toxin-antitoxin modules control Salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- The HigB-like SehA toxin promotes non-replicating Salmonella inside macrophages by inhibiting ribonuclease III-dependent rRNA maturation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Proximity biotinylation at the host-bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Understanding the physiological role and cross-interaction network of VapBC35 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Contribution of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems to Adherent-InvasiveMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Evidence of two differentially regulated elongasomes in Salmonella.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Comparative analysis of five type II TA systems identified inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The Hha-TomB toxin-antitoxin module in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium limits its intracellular survival profile and regulates host immune response.Cell biology and toxicology · 2022Article
- Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: A Key Role on Persister Formation inInfection and drug resistance · 2022Review
- Mechanistic insight into bacterial entrapment by septin cage reconstitution.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Biological Functions of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Salmonella enters a dormant state within human epithelial cells for persistent infection.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Comparative genome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum decodes strain specific genes.PloS one · 2021Article
- RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- The Small ToxicmBio · 2020Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules contribute to the generation of non-growing cells in response to stress. These modules abound in bacterial pathogens although the bases for this profusion remain largely unknown. Using the intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model, here we show that a selected group of TA modules impact bacterial fitness inside eukaryotic cells. We characterized in this pathogen twenty-seven TA modules, including type I and type II TA modules encoding antisense RNA and proteinaceous antitoxins, respectively. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed that the pathogen produces numerous toxins of TA modules inside eukaryotic cells. Among these, the toxins HokST, LdrAST, and TisBST, encoded by type I TA modules and T4ST and VapC2ST, encoded by type II TA modules, promote bacterial survival inside fibroblasts. In contrast, only VapC2ST shows that positive effect in bacterial fitness when the pathogen infects epithelial cells. These results illustrate how S. Typhimurium uses distinct type I and type II TA modules to regulate its intracellular lifestyle in varied host cell types. This function specialization might explain why the number of TA modules increased in intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.