ArticlePsychiatry research2015
Associations between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in healthy young adult women.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and depression in adults: A systematic review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence and prognosis of depression: An updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- The Role of Diet, Eating Behavior, and Nutrition Intervention in Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of vitamin D3 on self-perceived fatigue: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome: Is it useful? A randomized controlled trial.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationTrial
- Seasonal biological social and cognitive mechanisms of mental health among Chinese adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Loneliness, insomnia symptoms, social jetlag, and vitamin D deficiency in relation to mental health problems in Japanese female university students: a cross-sectional study.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2025Article
- Physical Activity, Nutritional Behaviours and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Hashimoto's Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder in Adults.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio as predictors of vitamin D deficiency in healthy young adults: a cross-sectional study.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- The Association of a Geographically Wide Social Media Network on Depression: County-Level Ecological Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- The role of vitamin D in menopausal women's health.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and mental health in shift female nurses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Role of Neural Stem Cells and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)-Mediated Cellular Signaling in the Mitigation of Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Predictability of Seasonal Mood Fluctuations Based on Self-Report Questionnaires and EEG Biomarkers in a Non-clinical Sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: Immunoregulatory or Neuroprotective?Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety.Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There have been few studies of whether vitamin D insufficiency is linked with depression in healthy young women despite women׳s high rates of both problems. Female undergraduates (n=185) living in the Pacific Northwest during fall, winter, and spring academic terms completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale weekly for 4 weeks (W1-W5). We measured serum levels of vitamin D3 and C (ascorbate; as a control variable) in blood samples collected at W1 and W5. Vitamin D insufficiency (<30ng/mL) was common at W1 (42%) and W5 (46%), and rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16) were 34-42% at W1-W5. Lower W1 vitamin D3 predicted clinically significant depressive symptoms across W1-W5 (β=-0.20, p<0.05), controlling for season, BMI, race/ethnicity, diet, exercise, and time outside. There was some evidence that lower levels of depressive symptoms in Fall participants (vs. Winter and Spring) were explained by their higher levels of vitamin D3. W1 depressive symptoms did not predict change in vitamin D3 levels from W1 to W5. Findings are consistent with a temporal association between low levels of vitamin D and clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. The preventive value of supplementation should be tested further.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.