SynthesisRespiration; international review of thoracic diseases2015
Incidence of respiratory viral infections detected by PCR and real-time PCR in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nucleic Acid-based Testing for Noninfluenza Viral Pathogens in Adults with Suspected Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Guideline
- Systematic review of respiratory viral pathogens identified in adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Europe.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Pooled it
- Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2016Pooled it
- Impact of Real-Time Multiplex PCR Testing for Respiratory Viruses on Antibiotic Use.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Performance of BIOFIRE FILMARRAY pneumonia panel in suspected pneumonia: insights from a real-world study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Viral non-SARS-CoV-2 etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Southeast Asia: a review and pooled analysis.IJID regions · 2025Review
- Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for infection with Influenza A, SARS-CoV-2 or respiratory syncytial virus in the season 2023/2024 in a large German primary care centre.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for infection with influenza, SARS-CoV-2 or respiratory syncytial virus in the season 2022/2023 in a large German primary care centre.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Prognosis of critically ill immunocompromised patients with virus-detected acute respiratory failure.Annals of intensive care · 2023Article
- Viral aetiology of influenza-like illnesses and severe acute respiratory illnesses in Morocco, September 2014 to December 2016.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Lung ultrasound may support internal medicine physicians in predicting the diagnosis, bacterial etiology and favorable outcome of community-acquired pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Unmet Clinical Needs.Advances in therapy · 2020Review
- Comparison of the Clinical Characteristics and Severity of Influenza and Non-influenza Respiratory Virus-Related Pneumonia in China: A Multicenter, Real-World Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Article
- The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adult Patients With Pneumonia Related to Three Paramyxoviruses.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Post-pandemic influenza A/H1N1pdm09 is associated with more severe outcomes than A/H3N2 and other respiratory viruses in adult hospitalisations.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Influenza Infections and Emergent Viral Infections in Intensive Care Unit.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies.Haematologica · 2019Review
- Review
- Viral Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Clinics in chest medicine · 2017Review
- Viruses are prevalent in non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia.Respiratory medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the development of more rapid and sensitive detection methods based on PCR techniques, the contributions of respiratory viral infections to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult patients are being more and more recognized. Yet, up to now, there has been a lack of synthetic data that clearly demonstrates the incidence of respiratory viral infections in adult patients with CAP.
objectivesWe intended to demonstrate the incidence of respiratory viral infections detected by PCR and real-time PCR in adult patients with CAP.
methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase for studies providing the incidence of respiratory viral infections in adult patients with CAP. We investigated potential sources of heterogeneity by a univariant metaregression analysis and calculated the combined incidence of viral infections, viral infections mixed with other pathogens and individual respiratory virus species.
resultsWe eventually identified 23 eligible reports with a total number of 6,404 patients. Incidences ranged from 8.6 to 56.2% for overall respiratory viral infections. We noted significant heterogeneity in incidence estimates for the incidence of viral infections (Cochran's χ(2) = 269.9, p < 0.0001, I(2) = 91.8%). The combined incidence of viral infections was 22.4% (95% CI = 19.0-25.7). Incidences of viral coinfections with other pathogens ranged from 3 to 28%. A high level of heterogeneity was identified as well during the estimates for incidences of coinfections (χ(2) = 200.9, p < 0.0001, I(2) = 91.5%). The combined incidence of viral coinfections with other pathogens was 12.4% (95% CI = 9.7-15.0). Our heterogeneity analyses suggested that a lower respiratory tract sample was associated with higher overall viral incidence. Moreover, the influenza virus, rhinovirus and coronavirus were the 3 most frequently detected viral pathogens in adult patients with CAP according to our study.
conclusionsRespiratory viruses are probably crucial pathogens of adult patients with CAP, with the influenza virus being the most frequent viral pathogen identified. More than half of the viral infections are characterized as mixed infections with other pathogens.
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