ArticleCancers2015
Towards Achieving the Full Clinical Potential of Proton Therapy by Inclusion of LET and RBE Models.
Article in Cancers, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural network modelling of proton RBE values at predominant survival fractions of in vitro data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigation of relative biological effectiveness for protons, carbon and oxygen ion beams by DNA damage calculations in a fractal fibroblast cell geometry.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Article
- A computational method to estimate the relative biological effectiveness and tumor control probability for low-LET proton irradiations.PloS one · 2026Article
- Variable Relative Biological Effectiveness of Protons in the Rat Spinal Cord: Measurements and Comparison With Model Calculations.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
- Current state of proton therapy for tumors of the central nervous system in Spain: physical bases, indications, controversies and perspectives.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Proton radiotherapy in the treatment of IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas: an early experience from shanghai proton and heavy ion center.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- The dose accumulation and the impact of deformable image registration on dose reporting parameters in a moving patient undergoing proton radiotherapy.Radiology and oncology · 2022Article
- Physical and Biological Characteristics of Particle Therapy for Oncologists.Cancer research and treatment · 2021Review
- A Critical Review of LET-Based Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Plan Evaluation and Optimization for Head and Neck Cancer Management.International journal of particle therapy · 2021Article
- Investigating the impact of alpha/beta and LETMedical physics · 2020Article
- Inter-patient variations in relative biological effectiveness for cranio-spinal irradiation with protons.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Modelling variable proton relative biological effectiveness for treatment planning.The British journal of radiology · 2020Review
- Clinical Radiobiology of Fast Neutron Therapy: What Was Learnt?Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Using the Proton Energy Spectrum and Microdosimetry to Model Proton Relative Biological Effectiveness.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2019Article
- Hypofractionated high-energy proton-beam irradiation is an alternative treatment for WHO grade I meningiomas.Acta neurochirurgica · 2017Article
- Radiobiological issues in proton therapy.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2017Review
- Proton radiobiology and its clinical implications.Ecancermedicalscience · 2017Review
- Why RBE must be a variable and not a constant in proton therapy.The British journal of radiology · 2016Article
- A phenomenological relative biological effectiveness (RBE) model for proton therapy based on all published in vitro cell survival data.Physics in medicine and biology · 2015Article
- A Simpler Energy Transfer Efficiency Model to Predict Relative Biological Effect for Protons and Heavier Ions.Frontiers in oncology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite increasing use of proton therapy (PBT), several systematic literature reviews show limited gains in clinical outcomes, with publications mostly devoted to recent technical developments. The lack of randomised control studies has also hampered progress in the acceptance of PBT by many oncologists and policy makers. There remain two important uncertainties associated with PBT, namely: (1) accuracy and reproducibility of Bragg peak position (BPP); and (2) imprecise knowledge of the relative biological effect (RBE) for different tissues and tumours, and at different doses. Incorrect BPP will change dose, linear energy transfer (LET) and RBE, with risks of reduced tumour control and enhanced toxicity. These interrelationships are discussed qualitatively with respect to the ICRU target volume definitions. The internationally accepted proton RBE of 1.1 was based on assays and dose ranges unlikely to reveal the complete range of RBE in the human body. RBE values are not known for human (or animal) brain, spine, kidney, liver, intestine, etc. A simple efficiency model for estimating proton RBE values is described, based on data of Belli et al. and other authors, which allows linear increases in α and β with LET, with a gradient estimated using a saturation model from the low LET α and β radiosensitivity parameter input values, and decreasing RBE with increasing dose. To improve outcomes, 3-D dose-LET-RBE and bio-effectiveness maps are required. Validation experiments are indicated in relevant tissues. Randomised clinical studies that test the invariant 1.1 RBE allocation against higher values in late reacting tissues, and lower tumour RBE values in the case of radiosensitive tumours, are also indicated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.