ReviewPediatric research2015
Anesthetic use in newborn infants: the urgent need for rigorous evaluation.
Review in Pediatric research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety profile of anesthetic modalities during laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Eligibility Criteria and Representativeness of Randomized Clinical Trials That Include Infants Born Extremely Premature: A Systematic Review.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam: efficacy on anxiety and compliance in paediatric surgical patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Compensatory attenuation of cortical apoptosis by SK2 downregulation following ketamine anesthesia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Neonatal epididymo-orchitis caused byUrology case reports · 2025Article
- Is it time for a time-out? Progress versus politics in studying the psychosexual implications of penile circumcision.International journal of impotence research · 2023Article
- Assessing and conveying risks and benefits of imaging in neonates using ionizing radiation and sedation/anesthesia.Pediatric radiology · 2022Review
- Epidemiology of abdominal wall and groin hernia repairs in children.Pediatric surgery international · 2021Article
- The ethical justification for inclusion of neonates in pragmatic randomized clinical trials for emergency newborn care.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Efficacy, Safety, and Usability of Remifentanil as Premedication for INSURE in Preterm Neonates.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Ketamine-induced apoptosis in the mouse cerebral cortex follows similar characteristic of physiological apoptosis and can be regulated by neuronal activity.Molecular brain · 2017Article
- Different Aspects of General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review.Iranian journal of pediatrics · 2016Review
- A "Wear and Tear" Hypothesis to Explain Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2016Article
- Neonatal anesthesia: how we manage our most vulnerable patients.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Approximately 1.5 million neonates receive general anesthesia each year for a surgical procedure. Despite this being an essential practice, a number of recent studies now indicate that anesthetic exposure could cause toxicity and neuronal apoptosis in the developing brain. This could potentially influence long-term neurodevelopmental outcome, especially premature infants in need of multiple surgical procedures. Most anesthetic drugs routinely administered to neonates have not been adequately tested for safety or efficacy. Given the number of confounders, dosing is often extrapolated from adults. This is concerning since many different drugs can be administered concurrently, with few of these agents actually approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration. Since 1997, legislation has been passed in the United States and abroad encouraging more drug investigation in infants and children. This has resulted in over 500 labeling changes to products regarding safety and efficacy in various pediatric age groups. However, only three drugs routinely used as anesthetic agents in newborn infants have had any updated labeling (none in very premature infants). This "off-label" use without adequate testing must be addressed. Therefore, more clinical trials of common anesthetic agents used alone and in combination in neonates are urgently needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.