ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2015
TLR-2 Signaling Promotes IL-17A Production in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Regulatory Cells during Oropharyngeal Candidiasis.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Mechanistic Connection between Dysbiosis and Polyamine Regulation in Oral and Intestinal Inflammation- Role of Tregs and Th17 Cells.Journal of cellular immunology · 2026Article
- Enrichment ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Host miRNAs regulate Escherichia coli O157 mucosal colonization through host-mucosa-attached microbiota interactions in calves.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Elevated IL-17A-Secreting Regulatory T Cells in Sinonasal Tissues of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune cell interactions and chronic infections in oral cancers.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Interleukin-17 directly stimulates tumor infiltrating Tregs to prevent cancer development.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Regulatory T cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: Breaching (blood-brain) barriers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Inferred Causal Mechanisms of Persistent FMDV Infection in Cattle from Differential Gene Expression in the Nasopharyngeal Mucosa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- [Research Updates: The Role of Interaction between Oral Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Epithelial Barrier in Oral Mucosal Homeostasis and Pathogenesis].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2022Review
- Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiota From Sjögren syndrome Patients Causes Decreased T Regulatory Cells in the Lymphoid Organs and Desiccation-Induced Corneal Barrier Disruption in Mice.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Crosstalk between the oral microbiota, mucosal immunity, and the epithelial barrier regulates oral mucosal disease pathogenesis.Mucosal immunology · 2021Review
- Oral immune dysfunction is associated with the expansion of FOXP3Nature communications · 2021Article
- The Role of Dectin-1 Signaling in Altering Tumor Immune Microenvironment in the Context of Aging.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Silencing of Ac45 Simultaneously Inhibits Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption and Attenuates Dendritic Cell-Mediated Inflammation through Impairing Acidification and Cathepsin K Secretion.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- TLR-2 expression and dysregulated human Treg/Th17 phenotype in Aspergillus flavus infected patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Microbial cell factories · 2020Article
- Article
- IL-1β-MyD88-mTOR Axis Promotes Immune-Protective IL-17AFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Gut-liver Axis in Immune Remodeling: New insight into Liver Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Review
- Interleukin-35 modulates the balance between viral specific CD4Virology journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies show that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs) produce effector cytokines under inflammatory conditions. However, the direct role of microbial agents that serve as toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in the induction of effector cytokines in Tregs is less clear. Here we show that CD4+Foxp3+Tregs produce the effector cytokine IL-17A during oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and inflammatory bowel disease in a TLR-2/Myd88 signaling dependent manner. TLR-2 ligands promote proliferation in Tregs in the presence and absence of TCR signals and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. The proliferation is directly dependent on TLR-2 expression in Tregs. Consistent with this, Tlr2-/- mice harbor fewer thymically derived Tregs and peripheral Tregs under homeostatic conditions in vivo. However, under Th17 inducing conditions, IL-6 and TLR-2 signaling both in Tregs as well as antigen presenting cells (APC) are critical for maximal ROR-γt and IL-17A up-regulation in Foxp3+ Tregs. The minimal and transient loss of Foxp3 expression and suppressive properties are due to the presence of IL-6 in the milieu, but not the direct effect of TLR-2 signaling in Tregs. Taken together, our data reveal that TLR-2 signaling promotes not only proliferation, but also IL-17A in Tregs, depending on the cytokine milieu. These IL-17A producing Tregs may be relevant in mucosal infections and inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.