ArticlePloS one2015
Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in aged adults with influenza-like-illness.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of pneumococcal carriage by age in Africa (2000-2021): a systematic analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Indirect Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Colonization: Persistence and Dynamics of Vaccine Serotypes in Sicily (Italy) 11 Years Postintroduction, 2009-2020.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Risk Factors Associated WithOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Digital PCR linkage analysis resolvesMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Assessment of immunogenicity and protection induced by COBRA HA vaccines formulated with Infectimune in young and elderly ferrets.PloS one · 2026Article
- Storage stability of non-encapsulated pneumococci in saliva is dependent on null-capsule clade, with strains carryingMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Detection of HIV-1 Antibodies in Saliva of Persons Living With HIV Using Blood-Based First Response HIV 1-2.O Card Test.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Observational
- Multivalent H3 COBRA-based influenza vaccine elicits enhanced immune response in a pre-immune elderly ferret model.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal Carriage and Disease in Adults in England, 2011-2019: The Importance of Adults as a Reservoir for Pneumococcus in Communities.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Detection of Pneumococcal Carriage in Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Longitudinal prevalence and co-carriage of pathogens associated with nursing home acquired pneumonia in three long-term care facilities.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Serological Profiling of Pneumococcal Proteins Reveals Unique Patterns of Acquisition, Maintenance, and Waning of Antibodies Throughout Life.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A low-cost culture- and DNA extraction-free method for the molecular detection of pneumococcal carriage in saliva.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Upper respiratoryMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Serotypes and Genotypes ofInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Contact with young children is a major risk factor for pneumococcal colonization in older adults.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Saliva as an alternative sample type for detection of pneumococcal carriage in young children.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- The potential of saliva as an accessible and sensitive sample type for the detection of respiratory pathogens and host immunity.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Incidence of pneumococcal disease is disproportionally high in infants and elderly. Nasopharyngeal colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered a prerequisite for disease but unlike in children, carriage in elderly is rarely detected. Here, we tested for S. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal and saliva samples collected from community-dwelling elderly with influenza-like-illness (ILI). Trans-nasal nasopharyngeal, trans-oral nasopharyngeal and saliva samples (n = 270 per sample type) were collected during winter/spring 2011/2012 from 135 persons aged 60-89 at onset of ILI and 7-9 weeks later following recovery. After samples were tested for pneumococci by conventional culture, all plate growth was collected. DNA extracted from plate harvests was tested by quantitative-PCRs (qPCR) specific for S. pneumoniae and serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13). Pneumococci were cultured from 14 of 135 (10%) elderly with none of the sampled niches showing superiority in carriage detection. With 76/270 (28%) saliva, 31/270 (11%) trans-oral and 13/270 (5%) trans-nasal samples positive by qPCR, saliva was superior to nasopharyngeal swabs (p<0.001) in qPCR-based carriage detection. Overall, from all methods used in the study, 65 of 135 (48%) elderly carried pneumococci at least once and 26 (19%) at both study time points. The difference between carriage prevalence at ILI (n = 49 or 36%) versus recovery (n = 42 or 31%) was not significant (p = 0.38). At least 23 of 91 (25%) carriage events in 19 of 65 (29%) carriers were associated with PCV13-serotypes. We detected a large reservoir of pneumococci in saliva of elderly, with PCV13-serotype distribution closely resembling the contemporary carriage of serotypes reported in the Netherlands for PCV-vaccinated infants.
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