Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25789684›Full record

ReviewNature immunology2015

Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system.

Akiko Iwasaki, Ruslan Medzhitov

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07527247 (Using AS01 Adjuvant to Improve Immune Response in Older Adults Through Trained Immunity), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,096 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,096citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07527247 phase2recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Using AS01 Adjuvant to Improve Immune Response in Older Adults Through Trained Immunity

TypeinterventionalSponsorSingapore General HospitalRan2025 to 2029Enrolled40ConditionsImmune System Responses and Trained Immunity After AS01 Administration, Healthy AdultArmsAS01 adjuvant (0.5 mL intramuscular), YF17D (Stamaril, Sanofi-Pasteur), Placebo (NaCl 09%, 0.5mL)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,096 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Clinical Efficacy of TM02Current issues in molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Dual role of homocysteine in enhancing metabolic activity and suppressing inflammatory cytokines in murine immune cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
  18. Protocatechuic acid and tanshinone IIA improve cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

1,036 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Akiko IwasakiHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Ruslan MedzhitovHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Funding

Immunity to Genital Herpes Simplex-2R01AI054359 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2004 to 2019
$5.2M
Viral Recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cellR01AI064705 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2006 to 2015
$3.9M
Antiviral CTL mobilization to the genital mucosaR01AI062428 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2005 to 2015
$3.9M
Cell Biology of TLR Signal TransductionR37AI046688 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MEDZHITOV, RUSLAN · 2006 to 2015
$3.8M
TLRs in Host Commensal InteractionsR01DK071754 · NIDDK · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MEDZHITOV, RUSLAN · 2007 to 2014
$2.8M
Role of basophils in initiating Th2 immune responsesR01AI089771 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MEDZHITOV, RUSLAN · 2010 to 2014
$2.0M
Autophagy in Antiviral ImmunityR01AI081884 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2010 to 2014
$2.0M
TOLL RECEPTORS AND CONTROL OF MAMMALIAN IMMUNITYR01AI046688 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MEDZHITOV, RUSLAN · 2001 to 2005
$1.5M
Antiviral CTL mobilization to the genital mucosaR56AI062428 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI IWASAKI, AKIKO · 2010 to 2010
$403k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS AI046688NIAID NIH HHS AI062428NIAID NIH HHS AI064705NIAID NIH HHS AI081884NIAID NIH HHS AI089771NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI046688NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI054359NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI062428NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI064705NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI081884NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI089771NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI046688NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI062428NIDDK NIH HHS DK071754NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK071754
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityImmunity, InnateAnimalsBacteriaCytokinesDendritic CellsFungiGene Expression RegulationHelminthsHumansIntestinesLungLymphocyte SubsetsReceptors, Pattern RecognitionSkinVirusesCytokinesReceptors, Pattern Recognition

Identifiers

PMID25789684
PMCPMC4507498

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.