ArticleEye and brain2014
Histological features of layers and sublayers in cortical visual areas V1 and V2 of chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, and humans.
Article in Eye and brain, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lamination of primary visual cortex in the macaque: Layer 5 subdivisions.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Mesoscale cortical mechanisms of perceptual conflict resolution in binocular rivalry.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Molecular signatures of resilience to Alzheimer's disease in neocortical layer 4 neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Layers of the monkey visual cortex are selectively modulated during electrical stimulation.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Attenuated and delayed neural activity in cortical microcircuitry of monocular processing and binocular interactions in human amblyopia.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Neuronal composition of processing modules in human V1: laminar density for neuronal and non-neuronal populations and a comparison with macaque.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Topographic organization across foveal visual areas in macaques.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Anatomical and molecular development of the human primary visual cortex.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Impact of light-emitting diodes on visual cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons (V1-L5PNs)-A rodent study.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Neurogenesis in primates versus rodents and the value of non-human primate models.National science review · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of human cortical circuits.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
- Differential gene expression in layer 3 pyramidal neurons across 3 regions of the human cortical visual spatial working memory network.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- A Scientific Approach to Conscious Experience, Introspection, and Unconscious Processing: Vision and Blindsight.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- The primary visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls: organization, cytoarchitectonics and comparison with perissodactyls and primates.Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- Scalable mapping of myelin and neuron density in the human brain with micrometer resolution.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Encoding of limb state by single neurons in the cuneate nucleus of awake monkeys.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Nanostructure-specific X-ray tomography reveals myelin levels, integrity and axon orientations in mouse and human nervous tissue.Nature communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The layers and sublayers of primary visual cortex, or V1, in primates are easily distinguishable compared to those in other cortical areas, and are especially distinct in anthropoid primates - monkeys, apes, and humans - where they also vary in histological appearance. This variation in primate-specific specialization has led to a longstanding confusion over the identity of layer 4 and its proposed sublayers in V1. As the application of different histological markers relate to the issue of defining and identifying layers and sublayers, we applied four traditional and four more recent histological markers to brain sections of V1 and adjoining secondary visual cortex (V2) in macaque monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans in order to compare identifiable layers and sublayers in both cortical areas across these species. The use of Nissl, neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), Gallyas myelin, cytochrome oxidase (CO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nonphosphorylated neurofilament H (SMI-32), parvalbumin (PV), and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) preparations support the conclusion that the most popular scheme of V1 lamination, that of Brodmann, misidentifies sublayers of layer 3 (3Bβ and 3C) as sublayers of layer 4 (4A and 4B), and that the specialized sublayer of layer 3 in monkeys, 3Bβ, is not present in humans. These differences in interpretation are important as they relate to the proposed functions of layer 4 in primate species, where layer 4 of V1 is a layer that receives and processes information from the visual thalamus, and layer 3 is a layer that transforms and distributes information to other cortical areas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.