Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25788538›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2015

Knowing one's place: a free-energy approach to pattern regulation.

Karl Friston, Michael Levin, Biswa Sengupta, Giovanni Pezzulo

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed
32.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 238 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Morphological, Behavioral, and Transcriptomic Life Cycle of Anthrobots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  5. The Multiscale Wisdom of the Body: Collective Intelligence as a Tractable Interface for Next-Generation Biomedicine.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Uncertainty minimization and pattern recognition inJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Article
  8. Body as First Teacher: The Role of Rhythmic Visceral Dynamics in Early Cognitive Development.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Karl FristonThe Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
Michael LevinBiology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, USA michael.levin@tufts.edu.
Biswa SenguptaThe Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
Giovanni PezzuloInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery · GBInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies · ITTufts University · US

Funding

Wellcome Trust 088130Wellcome Trust 088130/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 091593
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding how organisms establish their form during embryogenesis and regeneration represents a major knowledge gap in biological pattern formation. It has been recently suggested that morphogenesis could be understood in terms of cellular information processing and the ability of cell groups to model shape. Here, we offer a proof of principle that self-assembly is an emergent property of cells that share a common (genetic and epigenetic) model of organismal form. This behaviour is formulated in terms of variational free-energy minimization-of the sort that has been used to explain action and perception in neuroscience. In brief, casting the minimization of thermodynamic free energy in terms of variational free energy allows one to interpret (the dynamics of) a system as inferring the causes of its inputs-and acting to resolve uncertainty about those causes. This novel perspective on the coordination of migration and differentiation of cells suggests an interpretation of genetic codes as parametrizing a generative model-predicting the signals sensed by cells in the target morphology-and epigenetic processes as the subsequent inversion of that model. This theoretical formulation may complement bottom-up strategies-that currently focus on molecular pathways-with (constructivist) top-down approaches that have proved themselves in neuroscience and cybernetics.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalBody PatterningCell DifferentiationCell MovementComputer SimulationEnergy MetabolismMorphogenesisRegenerationSpecies Specificityactive inferencefree energymorphogenesispattern formationrandom attractorself-assembly

Identifiers

PMID25788538
PMCPMC4387527
OpenAlexW2122458046

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.