ArticleJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2015
APOL1 Risk Variants Are Strongly Associated with HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Black South Africans.
Article in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 321 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies published between 2004 and 2019.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants and kidney disease in patients with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in South Africa - limitations of studies comparing prevalence with sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, and globally.BMC nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Genetics in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2022Guideline
- APOL1 variant alleles associate with reduced risk for opportunistic infections in HIV infection.Communications biology · 2021Pooled it
- Phenome-wide association analysis suggests the APOL1 linked disease spectrum primarily drives kidney-specific pathways.Kidney international · 2020Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies suggest that APOL1-environment interactions more likely trigger kidney disease in African Americans with nondiabetic nephropathy than strong APOL1-second gene interactions.Kidney international · 2018Pooled it
- Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2018Guideline
- Epidemiology of Histologically Proven Glomerulonephritis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Long-term impact of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on kidney health in people with HIV.Kidney international · 2024Trial
- Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rates in HIV positive and negative adults in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Genetic kidney diseases: Decoding molecular taxonomies to drive precision nephrology and therapeutic innovation.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- APOL1 and chronic kidney disease in pediatrics: a study from the Biorepository and Integrative Genomics Initiative.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Update on APOL1 and chronic kidney diseases in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Coding, modifier, and regulatory effects shape circulating APOL1 levels.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- APOL1 kidney disease: a critical narrative review of molecular mechanisms, clinical heterogeneity, and the emerging therapeutic landscape.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
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- APOL1 Genotype and Patient Outcomes in US and South African Transplant Recipients With HIV who Received Kidneys From Donors With HIV.Transplantation · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of APOL1-Associated Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
APOL1 variants are associated with HIV-associated nephropathy and FSGS in African Americans. The prevalence of these variants in African populations with CKD in HIV-1 infection has not been investigated. We determined the role of APOL1 variants in 120 patients with HIV-associated nephropathy and CKD and 108 controls from a South-African black population. Patients with CKD were selected on the basis of histology. Genotypes were successfully determined for APOL1 G1 and G2 variants and 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 18 ancestry informative markers, for 116 patients with CKD (96.7%; 38 patients with HIV-associated nephropathy, 39 patients with HIV-positive CKD, and 39 patients with HIV-negative CKD), and 108 controls (100%). Overall, 79% of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy and 2% of population controls carried two risk alleles. In a recessive model, individuals carrying any combination of two APOL1 risk alleles had 89-fold higher odds (95% confidence interval, 18 to 912; P<0.001) of developing HIV-associated nephropathy compared with HIV-positive controls. Population allele frequencies were 7.3% for G1 and 11.1% for G2. APOL1 risk alleles were not significantly associated with other forms of CKD. These results indicate HIV-positive, antiretroviral therapy-naïve South-African blacks with two APOL1 risk alleles are at very high risk for developing HIV-associated nephropathy. Further studies are required to determine the effect of APOL1 risk variants on kidney diseases in other regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.