ArticlePharmaceutical research2015
The Effect of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients on Aerosol Electrostatic Charges from Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Ethanol on Electrostatic Behaviour of Fluorocarbon Pharmaceutical Propellants.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Applicability of Bipolar Charge Analyzer (BOLAR) in Characterizing the Bipolar Electrostatic Charge Profile of Commercial Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs).Pharmaceutical research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study investigated the effect of different active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) on aerosol electrostatic charges and aerosol performances for pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), using both insulating and conducting actuators.
methodsFive solution-based pMDIs containing different API ingredients including: beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), budesonide (BUD), flunisolide (FS), salbutamol base (SB) and ipratropium bromide (IPBr) were prepared using pressure filling technique. Actuator blocks made from nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and aluminium were manufactured with 0.3 mm nominal orifice diameter and cone nozzle shape. Aerosol electrostatics for each pMDI formulation and actuator were evaluated using the electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) and drug depositions were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
resultsAll three actuator materials showed the same net charge trend across the five active drug ingredients, with BDP, BUD and FS showing positive net charges for both nylon and PTFE actuators, respectively. While SB and IPBr had significantly negative net charges across the three different actuators, which correlates to the ionic functional groups present on the drug molecule structures.
conclusionsThe API present in a pMDI has a dominant effect on the electrostatic properties of the formulation, overcoming the charge effect arising from the actuator materials. Results have shown that the electrostatic charges for a solution-based pMDI could be related to the interactions of the chemical ingredients and change in the work function for the overall formulation.
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Registered trials
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