ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2013
Development of carbamazepine transnasal microemulsion for treatment of epilepsy.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Solubility prediction and cytotoxicity of lipidic microemulsion: HSPiP modeling and synergism with ciclopirox olamine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nanoemulsions and Microemulsions for Intranasal Drug Delivery: A Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Trends (2004-2024).Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Effect of intranasal and oral administration of levetiracetam on the temporal and spatial distributions of SV2A in the KA-induced rat model of SE.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- KLVFF Conjugated Curcumin Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Transnasal Route: Formulation Development, Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Ex Vivo Evaluation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- LC-MSMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Unravelling Micro and Nano Vesicular System in Intranasal Drug Delivery for Epilepsy.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2022Review
- Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Oral delivery of lycopene-loaded microemulsion for brain-targeting: preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetic evaluation and tissue distribution.Drug delivery · 2019Article
- Development of a novel microemulsion for oral absorption enhancement of all-trans retinoic acid.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbamazepine is widely preferred therapy for the treatment of epilepsy. However, oral therapy results in slower brain uptake and systemic side effects. Intranasal route can achieve faster brain uptake, but poor aqueous solubility of carbamazepine is the main obstacle for administration by nasal route. The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate intranasal oil in water microemulsion of carbamazepine to improve its solubility and enhance the brain uptake. Intranasal microemulsion of carbamazepine was prepared by water titration method using oleic acid as oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and Transcutol® as cosurfactant. Microemulsions were evaluated for various physical parameters including globule size, viscosity, pH and conductivity. Toxicity study of microemulsion was carried out by employing sheep nasal mucosa. The microemulsion was also evaluated by maximal electric shock, and the brain uptake study was done using HPLC method. The microemulsion was stable and transparent with average globule size of 21.03 nm and did not show any toxic symptoms. It showed reduction in the hind limb extension phase and faster recovery from seizures in comparison to oral microemulsion and nasal solution. Higher brain/plasma ratio was obtained with nasal microemulsion in comparison to ratio obtained after intraperitoneal injection of carbamazepine solution.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.