ReviewMicrobiology (Reading, England)2015
Carnitine in bacterial physiology and metabolism.
Review in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota is a potential goalkeeper of dyslipidemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal development of infant oral ecosystem: salivary metabolomic, bacteriome, and virome dynamics in early infancy.mSystems · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Static and Shake-Flask Cultures for Filamentous Fungal Biomass and L-Carnitine Production in Rum Stillage.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to extremely preterm infants associates with development of the intestinal microbiota.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Decoding Biothreats With FT-ICR-MS: Metabotyping of Bacillus cereus Spores Through Untargeted Metabolomics.Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis of fitness and metabolic effects of a large multidrug-resistant plasmid inMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Integrated Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Bioactive Metabolite Profiles Between Probiotic Supplements and Yogurt.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Optimizing a carbon source based on water temperature to reduceFrontiers in systems biology · 2026Article
- Metabolome restructuring reveals distinct virocell infection strategies in bacteriophage-host interaction.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Strain matters: host responses reflect symbiont origin in the squid-vibrio symbiosis.mSystems · 2025Article
- Article
- Proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals new insights into quaternary amine metabolism inmSphere · 2025Article
- Biallelic variants in BBOX1 cause L-Carnitine deficiency and elevated γ-butyrobetaine.NPJ genomic medicine · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of pulpal and apical diseases.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Multi-omic analysis reveals transkingdom gut dysbiosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- The structural basis for the broad aldehyde specificity of the aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase PauC from the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Profiling of Ocular Fluid Identifies Host Response Factors for Risk Stratification in Bacterial Endophthalmitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- MiMeJF: Application of Coupled Matrix and Tensor Factorization (CMTF) for Enhanced Microbiome-Metabolome Multi-Omic Analysis.Metabolites · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carnitine is a quaternary amine compound found at high concentration in animal tissues, particularly muscle, and is most well studied for its contribution to fatty acid transport into mitochondria. In bacteria, carnitine is an important osmoprotectant, and can also enhance thermotolerance, cryotolerance and barotolerance. Carnitine can be transported into the cell or acquired from metabolic precursors, where it can serve directly as a compatible solute for stress protection or be metabolized through one of a few distinct pathways as a nutrient source. In this review, we summarize what is known about carnitine physiology and metabolism in bacteria. In particular, recent advances in the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways as well as the use of carnitine as an electron acceptor have addressed some long-standing questions in the field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.