Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25787711›Full record

ReviewLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2015

Principles of designing interpretable optogenetic behavior experiments.

Brian D Allen, Annabelle C Singer, Edward S Boyden

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Hemodynamic and Electrophysiological Progression of the Rose Bengal Photothrombotic Stroke Model in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Optogenetics at the presynapse.Nature neuroscience · 2022
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Fiberless Optogenetics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Brian D AllenMedia Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Annabelle C SingerMedia Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Edward S BoydenMedia Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA esb@media.mit.edu.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · USMcGovern Institute for Brain Research · US

Funding

Novel Platforms for Systematic Optical Control of Complex Neural Circuits In VivoR01DA029639 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S. · 2010 to 2023
$6.7M
Millisecond-Timescale Whole-Brain Neural Activity Mapping in Health and DiseaseDP1NS087724 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S. · 2013 to 2017
$3.9M
Closed-Loop Wireless Optical Neuromodulation for Motion DisordersR44NS070453 · NINDS · FERRO SOLUTIONS, INC. · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S., HUANG, JIANKANG · 2013 to 2015
$2.9M
NCCDPHP CDC HHS 1DP1NS087724NIDA NIH HHS 1R01DA029639NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA029639NINDS NIH HHS 2R44NS070453NINDS NIH HHS DP1 NS087724NINDS NIH HHS R44 NS070453
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the last decade, there has been much excitement about the use of optogenetic tools to test whether specific cells, regions, and projection pathways are necessary or sufficient for initiating, sustaining, or altering behavior. However, the use of such tools can result in side effects that can complicate experimental design or interpretation. The presence of optogenetic proteins in cells, the effects of heat and light, and the activity of specific ions conducted by optogenetic proteins can result in cellular side effects. At the network level, activation or silencing of defined neural populations can alter the physiology of local or distant circuits, sometimes in undesired ways. We discuss how, in order to design interpretable behavioral experiments using optogenetics, one can understand, and control for, these potential confounds.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainNeuronsOptogenetics

Identifiers

PMID25787711
PMCPMC4371169
OpenAlexW2096235556

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.