ArticlePloS one2015
Ruta graveolens L. induces death of glioblastoma cells and neural progenitors, but not of neurons, via ERK 1/2 and AKT activation.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing neurological drugs for brain cancer therapeutics: A systematic approach to identify charged molecules for affinity-based local drug delivery systems.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Pooled it
- Additive effect of Ruta graveolens bioactive phytoconstituents and cisplatin through PKC/MEK/ERK pathway in glioblastoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Formyl peptide receptor 2 activation by MR-39 inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasiveness through suppression of multiple oncogenic pathways.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma Cell Migration, Invasion and Vasculogenic Mimicry Downmodulated by Novel uPAcyclin Derivatives.Cells · 2025Article
- Network pharmacological analysis andOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Ethyl acetate extract ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Flavonoid Rutin Presented Anti-Glioblastoma Activity Related to the Modulation of Onco miRNA-125b Expression and STAT3 Signaling and Impact on Microglia Inflammatory Profile.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Bio-Prospecting of Crude Leaf Extracts from Thirteen Plants of Brazilian Cerrado Biome on Human Glioma Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Angiogenesis and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: A Glance at New Pharmaceutical Approaches.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Generation of High-Yield, Functional Oligodendrocytes from a c-International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Current Progress of Phytomedicine in Glioblastoma Therapy.Current medical science · 2020Review
- Article
- Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in the Modulation of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Cancers: Facts and Misdeeds.Cancers · 2020Review
- Article
- CD73 Downregulation Decreases In Vitro and In Vivo Glioblastoma Growth.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- PDGFR inhibition mediated intracellular signalling in C6 glioma growth and migration: role of ERK and ROCK pathway.Cytotechnology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly aggressive brain tumor whose prognosis is very poor. Due to early invasion of brain parenchyma, its complete surgical removal is nearly impossible, and even after aggressive combined treatment (association of surgery and chemo- and radio-therapy) five-year survival is only about 10%. Natural products are sources of novel compounds endowed with therapeutic properties in many human diseases, including cancer. Here, we report that the water extract of Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as rue, induces death in different glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, C6 and U138) widely used to test novel drugs in preclinical studies. Ruta graveolens' effect was mediated by ERK1/2 and AKT activation, and the inhibition of these pathways, via PD98058 and wortmannin, reverted its antiproliferative activity. Rue extract also affects survival of neural precursor cells (A1) obtained from embryonic mouse CNS. As in the case of glioma cells, rue stimulates the activation of ERK1/2 and AKT in A1 cells, whereas their blockade by pharmacological inhibitors prevents cell death. Interestingly, upon induction of differentiation and cell cycle exit, A1 cells become resistant to rue's noxious effects but not to those of temozolomide and cisplatin, two alkylating agents widely used in glioblastoma therapy. Finally, rutin, a major component of the Ruta graveolens water extract, failed to cause cell death, suggesting that rutin by itself is not responsible for the observed effects. In conclusion, we report that rue extracts induce glioma cell death, discriminating between proliferating/undifferentiated and non-proliferating/differentiated neurons. Thus, it can be a promising tool to isolate novel drugs and also to discover targets for therapeutic intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.