ArticlePLoS genetics2015
Escape from X inactivation varies in mouse tissues.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers.
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Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Modulating the degree of X-inactivation escape to establish causal links to sex-biased disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Article
- A continuum-based reaction-diffusion model for spread of gene silencing in chromosomal inactivation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Deep learning enabled prediction of nuclear lamina-associated chromatin.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Deficiency in circulating T cells in four core genotypes mice with Sry translocation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Escape from X-chromosome inactivation: from gene discovery to regulatory mechanisms.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Female mice with a Xist deletion in B cells can develop lupus-associated phenotypes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Gonadal Sex and Sex-Chromosome Complement Interact to Affect Ethanol Consumption in Adolescent Four Core Genotypes Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Using combined RNA/DNA short read sequencing to investigate allele-specific expression from the inactive X chromosome in human cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cell-type specific allelic dampening of sex-linked genes in sex chromosome aneuploidy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Xist RNA dependent and independent mechanisms regulate dynamic X chromosome inactivation in B lymphocytes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Influenza B virus suppression of Chromosome Y-linked genes increases pulmonary virus replication and disease severity in male mice.Research square · 2026Article
- No Evidence of Impact of Genetic Sex on Hyperthermia-Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken Embryos.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Sex chromosome-dependent epigenetic regulation underlies sex-specific H4 acetylation at the aromatase promoter in the developing mouse amygdala.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Dynamic allele usage of X-linked genes ameliorates neurodevelopmental disease phenotypes in brain organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Escape from X inactivation is directly modulated by Xist noncoding RNA.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Lyonization of X-chromosome: New insights.Journal of genetics · 2026Review
- Sex differences in endothelial cell biology: cellular phenotypes and molecular regulators.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Contributions of testosterone to excessive alcohol drinking in males: Potential role for interactions with the HPA axis.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences most genes on one X chromosome in female mammals, but some genes escape XCI. To identify escape genes in vivo and to explore molecular mechanisms that regulate this process we analyzed the allele-specific expression and chromatin structure of X-linked genes in mouse tissues and cells with skewed XCI and distinguishable alleles based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using a binomial model to assess allelic expression, we demonstrate a continuum between complete silencing and expression from the inactive X (Xi). The validity of the RNA-seq approach was verified using RT-PCR with species-specific primers or Sanger sequencing. Both common escape genes and genes with significant differences in XCI status between tissues were identified. Such genes may be candidates for tissue-specific sex differences. Overall, few genes (3-7%) escape XCI in any of the mouse tissues examined, suggesting stringent silencing and escape controls. In contrast, an in vitro system represented by the embryonic-kidney-derived Patski cell line showed a higher density of escape genes (21%), representing both kidney-specific escape genes and cell-line specific escape genes. Allele-specific RNA polymerase II occupancy and DNase I hypersensitivity at the promoter of genes on the Xi correlated well with levels of escape, consistent with an open chromatin structure at escape genes. Allele-specific CTCF binding on the Xi clustered at escape genes and was denser in brain compared to the Patski cell line, possibly contributing to a more compartmentalized structure of the Xi and fewer escape genes in brain compared to the cell line where larger domains of escape were observed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.