ArticleVirulence2015
Prolonged pre-incubation increases the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella larvae to bacterial and fungal infection.
Article in Virulence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bridging the gap in AMR research: validation of a standardizedFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Characterization of the virulence shaping and adaptability in the methicillin-resistantmSystems · 2025Article
- Impact of egg incubation on hemocyte recruitment and susceptibility ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterising phagocytes and measuring phagocytosis from live Galleria mellonella larvae.Virulence · 2024Article
- Review
- The Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Immune priming: the secret weapon of the insect world.Virulence · 2020Review
- Isolation and primary culture ofF1000Research · 2020Article
- The design and implementation of restraint devices for the injection of pathogenic microorganisms into Galleria mellonella.PloS one · 2020Article
- Animal Models to Study Mucormycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Standardization ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Hemolymph protein profiles of subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes challenged with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Review
- Analysis of the early cellular and humoral responses of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans.Virulence · 2018Article
- Fluconazole Pharmacokinetics in Galleria mellonella Larvae and Performance Evaluation of a Bioassay Compared to Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Hemolymph Specimens.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Effective immunosuppression with dexamethasone phosphate in the Galleria mellonella larva infection model resulting in enhanced virulence of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galleria mellonella larvae are widely used for assessing the virulence of microbial pathogens and for measuring the in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents and produce results comparable to those that can be obtained using mammals. The aim of the work described here was to ascertain the effect of pre-incubation at 15°C for 1, 3, 6 or 10 weeks on the susceptibility of larvae to infection with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Larvae infected with C. albicans after 1 week pre-incubation at 15°C showed 73.3 ± 3.3% survival at 24 hours post-infection while those infected after 10 weeks pre-incubation showed 30 ± 3.3% survival (P < 0.01). Larvae infected with S. aureus after 1 week pre-incubation showed 65.5 ± 3.3% survival after 24 hours while those infected after 10 weeks pre-incubation showed 13.3 ± 3.3% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the haemocyte density in larvae pre-incubated for 3-10 weeks showed a reduction in haemocytes over time but a proportionate increase in the density of granular haemocytes in the population as determined by FACS analysis. Proteomic analysis revealed decreased abundance of proteins associated with metabolic pathways (e.g. malate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and prophenoloxidase. G. mellonella larvae are a useful in vivo model system but the duration of the pre-incubation stage significantly affects their susceptibility to microbial pathogens possibly as a result of altered metabolism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.