ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2015
VgrG2 of type VI secretion system 2 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces autophagy in macrophages.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apparent expansion of virulentVirulence · 2026Article
- Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence protein Hcp2a induces incomplete autophagy in chicken HD11 cells.Poultry science · 2026Article
- The VgrG2 effector of Acinetobacter baumannii mediates immune evasion by repressing Csu pilus assembly and triggering phagocyte methuosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional divergence and regulatory network of the type VI secretion system inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- The multifunctional type VI secretion system ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- The Competitive Edge: T6SS-Mediated Interference Competition byMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Direct sensing of host ferric iron by an archetype histidine kinase mediates virulence of an enteric pathogen.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- TssL2 of T6SS2 is required for mobility, biofilm formation, wrinkly phenotype formation, and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus SH112.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- The two-component system TtrRS boosts Vibrio parahaemolyticus colonization by exploiting sulfur compounds in host gut.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- IcmF2 of the type VI secretion system 2 plays a role in biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Effect of the Type VI Secretion System Secreted Protein Hcp on the Virulence ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Gene Regulatory Network of the Noncoding RNAMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Prophage-encoded gene VpaChn25_0734 amplifies ecological persistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus CHN25.Current genetics · 2022Article
- Characterization of GefA, a GGEEF Domain-Containing Protein That Modulates Vibrio parahaemolyticus Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- The ecological impact of a bacterial weapon: microbial interactions and the Type VI secretion system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Beyond dueling: roles of the type VI secretion system in microbiome modulation, pathogenesis and stress resistance.Stress biology · 2021Review
- Phenotypic and genomic characterization of aMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Adaptations ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Identification of LuxR Family Regulators That Integrate Into Quorum Sensing Circuit inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular transenvelope machine encoded within the genomes of several proteobacteria species. Vibrio parahaemolyticus contains two putative T6SS systems, VpT6SS1 and VpT6SS2, both contributing to adherence to Caco-2 and/or HeLa cells. However, it remains unknown if these systems are involved in cellular responses. In order to exclude the effects of other virulence factors known to induce cytotoxicity or autophagy, a triple deletion mutant dTTT (with deletion of tdh, and T3SS1 and T3SS2 structural protein genes) was used as the parent strain to construct deletion mutants of T6SS genes. The mutant dTTT-ΔicmF2, but not dTTT-ΔicmF1, reduced autophagic response upon 4 h of infection of the macrophage. Further attempt was made to search for the possible effector proteins that might be responsible for direct induction of autophagy by deletion of the genes encoding Hcp2 and VgrG2, two putative translocons of T6SS2 of V. parahaemolyticus. Deletion of either hcp2 or vgrG2 did reduce the autophagic response. However, increased LC3-II lipidation was seen only in the macrophage cells transfected with pVgrG2, but not with pHcp2. Chloroquinine treatment increased accumulation of LC3-II, suggesting that VgrG2 enhanced autophagic flux. The fact that vgrG2 deletion led to reduced level of intracellular cAMP suggests a possible role of cAMP signaling in autophagic responses to the bacterium. We conclude that VgrG2 of V. parahaemolyticus induces autophagy in macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.