ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2015
Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among never-smokers in Korea.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: A systematic review.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Low Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Values and Chronic Lung Disease in Older Adults: Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Pulmonary function and airflow limitation in bronchiectasis: a case-control study of two independent cohorts.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- A retrospective analysis of the anatomic characteristics of pulmonary bullae based on chest CT classification and their association with pulmonary function.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smokers-A Distinct Entity Within the COPD Spectrum.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The COPD risk associated with adulthood weight change and early adulthood BMI: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Management of COPD With Cardiovascular Risk in Asia: A Review by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology COPD Assembly.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Review
- Adherence to a Planetary Health Diet, Environmental Impacts, and Mortality in Chinese Adults.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- COPD Risk Factor Profiles in General Population and Referred Patients: Potential Etiotypes.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Observational
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Older in Southeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study During 2019-2020.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
- Association between adiposity measures and COPD risk in Chinese adults.The European respiratory journal · 2020Article
- Functional variations of the TLR4 gene in association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- Respiratory Sound Based Classification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Risk Stratification Approach in Machine Learning Paradigm.Journal of medical systems · 2019Article
- The Occupational Burden of Nonmalignant Respiratory Diseases. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Review
- Article
- Cross-Sectional Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence Among Smokers, Ex-Smokers, and Never-Smokers in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Study Protocol.JMIR research protocols · 2017Article
- The Definition of Past Tuberculosis Affects the Magnitude of Association between Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Respiratory Dysfunction: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2012.Journal of Korean medical science · 2017Article
- The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2017Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Nonsmokers: Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012).Osong public health and research perspectives · 2016Article
- What Affects Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea?Osong public health and research perspectives · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients include those who have never smoked. However, risk factors other than smoking in never-smokers have not been elucidated sufficiently. This study investigated the risk factors for COPD among never-smokers in Korea using population-based data.
methodsThe data were retrieved from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey IV conducted from 2007 to 2009. Among subjects aged 40 years or older who underwent appropriate pulmonary function tests, never-smokers not diagnosed with asthma and not showing a restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests were enrolled. Risk factors of COPD in never-smokers were analyzed using logistic regression models.
resultsAmong 24,871 participants in the representative Korean cohort, 3,473 never-smokers were enrolled. COPD patients accounted for 7.6% of the never-smokers. In the logistic regression analysis, low education status (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-3.2), occupational exposure (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.3), a history of tuberculosis (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 2.3-8.7), bronchiectasis (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.4-25.4), male sex (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.6-6.7), advanced age (60-69 years vs 40-49 years; OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.0-7.0), and being underweight (body mass index <18.5 vs 18.0-24.9 kg/m(2); OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.0-9.4) were associated with the development of COPD.
conclusionLow education status, manual labor, a history of tuberculosis and bronchiectasis, as well as male sex, advanced age and being underweight were risk factors for COPD in Korean never-smokers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.