Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25784645›Full record

SynthesisProgress in neurobiology2015

The nature of individual differences in inhibited temperament and risk for psychiatric disease: A review and meta-analysis.

J A Clauss, S N Avery, J U Blackford

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Progress in neurobiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Enteric-colonizedGut microbes · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Genetic Vulnerability to Social Anxiety Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-analysis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2022
    Article
  16. Resilience to Stress: Lessons from Rodents about Nature versus Nurture.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2022
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Prenatal PMEnvironmental research · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

J A ClaussNeuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States.
S N AveryNeuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States.
J U BlackfordDepartment of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address: Jennifer.Blackford@Vanderbilt.edu.
Allen Institute for Brain Science · USVanderbilt University · US

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007347 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER S. · 1985 to 2023
$26.3M
LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIORT32MH018921 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI HUMPHREYS, KATHRYN LEIGH · 1989 to 2024
$6.7M
Neural Substrates of Anticipation in Children at Risk for AnxietyF30MH097344 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI CLAUSS, JACQUELINE ALEXANDRA · 2012 to 2016
$133k
Neural Correlates of Delayed Habituation to Faces in Social FearF31MH102008 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI AVERY, SUZANNE N · 2013 to 2014
$54k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007347NIGMS NIH HHS T32-GM07347NIMH NIH HHS F30 MH097344NIMH NIH HHS F30-MH097344NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH102008NIMH NIH HHS F31-MH102008NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018921NIMH NIH HHS T32-MH018921
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

What makes us different from one another? Why does one person jump out of airplanes for fun while another prefers to stay home and read? Why are some babies born with a predisposition to become anxious? Questions about individual differences in temperament have engaged the minds of scientists, psychologists, and philosophers for centuries. Recent technological advances in neuroimaging and genetics provide an unprecedented opportunity to answer these questions. Here we review the literature on the neurobiology of one of the most basic individual differences-the tendency to approach or avoid novelty. This trait, called inhibited temperament, is innate, heritable, and observed across species. Importantly, inhibited temperament also confers risk for psychiatric disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of inhibited temperament, including neuroimaging and genetic studies in human and non-human primates. We conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings in inhibited humans that points to alterations in a fronto-limbic-basal ganglia circuit; these findings provide the basis of a model of inhibited temperament neurocircuitry. Lesion and neuroimaging studies in non-human primate models of inhibited temperament highlight roles for the amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsal prefrontal cortex. Genetic studies highlight a role for genes that regulate neurotransmitter function, such as the serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR), as well as genes that regulate stress response, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Together these studies provide a foundation of knowledge about the genetic and neural substrates of this most basic of temperament traits. Future studies using novel imaging methods and genetic approaches promise to expand upon these biological bases of inhibited temperament and inform our understanding of risk for psychiatric disease.

Indexed as

IndividualityTemperamentAnimalsBrainGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMental DisordersRiskAmygdalaAnxious temperamentBehavioral inhibitionNeuroimagingSerotoninSocial anxiety disorder

Identifiers

PMID25784645
PMCPMC4516130
OpenAlexW1977259314

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.