Trial reportShock (Augusta, Ga.)2015
Combat: Initial Experience with a Randomized Clinical Trial of Plasma-Based Resuscitation in the Field for Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock.
Trial report in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood transfusion strategies for major bleeding in trauma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Prehospital Blood Product Resuscitation for Trauma: A Systematic Review.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2016Pooled it
- A proteomic analysis of NETosis in trauma: Emergence of serpinB1 as a key player.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2023Trial
- Plasma-first resuscitation to treat haemorrhagic shock during emergency ground transportation in an urban area: a randomised trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Potential utility of prehospital blood for trauma patients in a dense, urban setting: simulations of prehospital travel times.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Article
- Biosynthetic blood surrogates: Current status and future opportunities.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Extravascular coagulation regulates haemostasis independently of activated platelet surfaces in an in vivo mouse model.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap: whole blood and plasma in prehospital hemorrhagic shock resuscitation.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2025Review
- [The golden approach to trauma. Which blood products are needed for optimization of prehospital trauma care?]Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Article
- The Montana Interfacility Blood Network: A Novel Lifesaving "Hand-off" for the Optimal Care of Rural Patients.Journal of blood medicine · 2024Article
- Apolipoprotein A-I, elevated in trauma patients, inhibits platelet activation and decreases clot strength.Platelets · 2022Article
- Omics Markers of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Trauma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Danger signals in traumatic hemorrhagic shock and new lines for clinical applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- 28-day thawed plasma maintains αVox sanguinis · 2021Article
- Volume Resuscitation in the Acutely Hemorrhaging Patient: Historic Use to Current Applications.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Prehospital plasma resuscitation associated with improved neurologic outcomes after traumatic brain injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2017Article
- Lack of species-specific difference in pulmonary function when using mouse versus human plasma in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2016Article
- Trauma/hemorrhagic shock instigates aberrant metabolic flux through glycolytic pathways, as revealed by preliminary (13)C-glucose labeling metabolomics.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The existing evidence shows great promise for plasma as the first resuscitation fluid in both civilian and military trauma. We embarked on the Control of Major Bleeding After Trauma (COMBAT) trial with the support of the Department of Defense to determine if plasma-first resuscitation yields hemostatic and survival benefits. The methodology of the COMBAT study represents not only 3 years of development work but also the integration of nearly two decades of technical experience with the design and implementation of other clinical trials and studies. Herein, we describe the key features of the study design, critical personnel and infrastructural elements, and key innovations. We will also briefly outline the systems engineering challenges entailed by this study. The COMBAT trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, semiblinded, prospective, phase IIB clinical trial conducted in a ground ambulance fleet based at a level I trauma center and part of a multicenter collaboration. The primary objective of the COMBAT trial is to determine the efficacy of field resuscitation with plasma first compared with standard of care (normal saline). To date, we have enrolled 30 subjects in the COMBAT study. The ability to achieve intervention with a hemostatic resuscitation agent in the closest possible temporal proximity to injury is critical and represents an opportunity to forestall the evolution of the "bloody vicious cycle." Thus, the COMBAT model for deploying plasma in first-response units should serve as a model for randomized clinical trials of other hemostatic resuscitative agents.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.